世界上到底有多少种编程语言

article/2025/10/23 5:34:54

今天在找选题的时候，发现一篇《世界上最不流行的编程语言》。程序员常常讨论世界上最流行的编程语言有哪些，各种编程语言排行榜也会定时发布出来，例如Python、JavaScript、Java这些耳熟能详，排在各大榜单前列的流行编程语言，之所以流行，很大一部分原因是因为工作好找。

带着好奇进去浏览一番，原文作者认为，剔除掉 JavaScript 的原型 OOP 部分，众观当下流行编程语言，它们或多或少都有彼此的副本，意义上也没有太大区别。几乎所有流行指数较高的编程语言或多或少都有相互复制粘贴的功能，并称之为局部优化。

那么有没有当下在使用却没有流行起来的语言呢？仔细一看，原来是作者在推广他自己写的编程语言，目前该语言用户只有作者自己，作者能想到流行两字，也是有趣地很。不过他的观点让笔者产生了好奇，世界上到底有多少种编程语言呢？

TIOBE在每月月初都会发布编程语言排行榜，每次都会列出TOP 100编程语言：
在这里插入图片描述

排在51——100：

ABC, ActionScript, Alice, Applescript, AspectJ, AutoLISP, Awk, B4X,Bash, bc, Bourne shell, C shell, CFML, CIL, Clipper, ECMAScript,Eiffel, Elm, F#, Haxe, Icon, Inform, Io, JScript, Korn shell, LabVIEW,Lingo, M4, ML, MQL4, Nim, NXT-G, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz,PostScript, Q, Racket, REBOL, REXX, Ring, RPG, S-PLUS, Simulink, SPSS,Vala/Genie, Verilog, Xojo, XSLT

随后，笔者浏览了TIOBE上参与榜单评测的270多门语言，放眼望去，请问你认识几个？

(Visual) FoxPro: FoxPro, Fox Pro, VFP, VFPA
1C:Enterprise script
4th Dimension/4D: 4D, 4th Dimension
ABAP
ABC: ABC (exceptions: -tv -channel)
ActionScript: ActionScript, AS1, AS2, AS3
Ada
Agilent VEE
Algol
Alice: Alice (confidence: 90%)
Angelscript
Apex
APL
Applescript
Arc
AspectJ
Assembly language: Assembly, Assembly language
ATLAS
AutoHotkey: AutoHotkey, AHK
AutoIt
AutoLISP
Automator
Avenue
Awk: Awk, Mawk, Gawk, Nawk
B4X
Ballerina
Bash
Basic: Basic (confidence: 0%)
BBC BASIC
bc
BCPL
BETA: BETA (confidence: 10%)
BlitzMax: BlitzMax, BlitzBasic, Blitz Basic
Boo
Bourne shell: Bourne shell, sh
Brainfuck
C shell: Csh, C shell (confidence: 90%)
C#: C#, C-Sharp, C Sharp, CSharp, CSharp.NET, C#.NET
C++
C++/CLI
C-Omega
C: C (exceptions: -“Objective-C”)
Caml
Ceylon
CFML: CFML, ColdFusion
. Ch: Ch (exceptions: +ChScite)
Chapel: Chapel (exceptions: -christ)
CHILL
CIL
CL (OS/400): CL (exceptions: -Lisp), CLLE
Clarion
Classic Visual Basic: Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%), VBA, VB6
Clean: Clean (confidence: 43%)
Clipper
CLIPS
Clojure: Clojure, ClojureScript
CLU
COBOL
Cobra
CoffeeScript
COMAL
Common Lisp
Crystal: Crystal (confidence: 61%, exceptions: -healing), crystallang
cT
Curl
Dart
DCL
Delphi/Object Pascal: DwScript, Object Pascal, Delphi, Delphi.NET, Pascal (confidence: 95%)
DiBOL: DBL, Synergy/DE, DIBOL
Dylan
ECMAScript
EGL
Eiffel
Elixir
Elm
Emacs Lisp: Emacs Lisp, Elips
Emerald
Erlang
Etoys
Euphoria
EXEC
F#: F#, F-Sharp, FSharp, F Sharp
Factor
Falcon
Fantom
Felix: Felix (confidence: 86%)
Forth
Fortran
Fortress
FreeBASIC
Gambas
GAMS
GLSL
GML: GML, GameMaker Language
GNU Octave
Go: Go, Golang
Gosu
Groovy: Groovy, GPATH, GSQL, Groovy++
Hack
Harbour
Haskell
Haxe
Heron
HPL
HyperTalk
Icon: Icon (confidence: 90%)
IDL: IDL (exceptions: -corba -interface)
Idris
Inform
Informix-4GL
INTERCAL
Io
Ioke
J#
JADE
Java
JavaFX Script
JavaScript: JavaScript, JS, SSJS
JScript
JScript.NET
Julia: Julia, Julialang, julia-lang
Korn shell: Korn shell, ksh
Kotlin
LabVIEW
Ladder Logic
Lasso
Limbo
Lingo
Lisp
LiveCode: Revolution, LiveCode
Logo: Logo (confidence: 90%, exceptions: -tv)
LotusScript
LPC
Lua: Lua, LuaJIT
Lustre
M4
MAD: MAD (confidence: 50%)
Magic: Magic (confidence: 50%)
1. Magik
Malbolge
MANTIS
Maple
MATLAB
Max/MSP
MAXScript
MDX
MEL
Mercury
Miva
ML
Modula-2
Modula-3
Monkey
MOO
Moto
MQL4: MQL4, MQL5
MS-DOS batch
MUMPS
NATURAL
Nemerle
NetLogo
Nim: Nim, Nimrod
NQC
NSIS
NXT-G
Oberon
Object Rexx
Objective-C: Objective-C, objc, obj-c
OCaml: Objective Caml, OCaml
Occam
OpenCL
OpenEdge ABL: Progress, Progress 4GL, ABL, Advanced Business Language, OpenEdge
OPL
Oxygene
Oz
Paradox
Pascal: Pascal (confidence: 5%)
Perl
PHP
Pike
PILOT: PILOT (confidence: 50%, exceptions: -“Palm Pilot programming”)
PL/I: PL/1, PL/I
PL/SQL
Pliant
Pony
PostScript: PostScript, PS
POV-Ray
PowerBasic
PowerScript
PowerShell
Processing: Processing (exceptions: +“sketchbook”)
Programming Without Coding Technology: Programming Without Coding Technology, PWCT
Prolog
Pure Data: Pure Data, PD
PureBasic
Python
Q
R: R (confidence: 90%, exceptions: +“statistical”)
Racket
Raku: Perl 6, Raku
REBOL
Red: Red (confidence: 20%)
REXX
Ring
RPG: RPG (confidence: 80%, exceptions: -role), RPGLE, ILERPG, RPGIV, RPGIII, RPG400,
RPGII, RPG4
Ruby
Rust: Rust, Rustlang
S-PLUS: S-PLUS (exceptions: +statistical)
S: S (exceptions: +statistical)
SAS
Sather
Scala
Scheme: Scheme (exceptions: -tv -channel)
Scratch
sed
Seed7
SIGNAL: SIGNAL (confidence: 10%)
Simula
Simulink
Slate: Slate (confidence: 57%)
Small Basic
Smalltalk
Smarty
Snap!
SNOBOL
Solidity
SPARK
SPSS
SQL
SQR
Squeak
Squirrel
Standard ML: Standard ML, SML
Stata
Structured Text
Suneido
SuperCollider: SuperCollider (confidence: 80%)
Swift
TACL
Tcl: Tcl/Tk, Tcl
tcsh
Tex
thinBasic
TOM: TOM (confidence: 50%)
Transact-SQL: T-SQL, Transact-SQL, TSQL
TypeScript: TypeScript, TS
Uniface
Vala/Genie: Vala, Genie
VBScript
Verilog
VHDL
Visual Basic: Visual Basic .NET, VB.NET, Visual Basic.NET, Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%)
WebAssembly
WebDNA
Whitespace
Wolfram
X10
xBase
XBase++
XC
Xen
Xojo: REALbasic, Xojo
XPL
XQuery
XSLT
Xtend
yacc
Yorick
Z shell: Z shell, zsh
Zig: Zig, zlang