基于C语言编写的贪吃蛇
编写环境:VS2019x86
这是一个基于C语言链表开发的贪吃蛇游戏
其实贪吃蛇游戏要解决的主要问题就是
1、这个游戏的基本组成元素和数据结构
2、如何初始化贪吃蛇并正常行走
3、如何判断事件发生
代码中运用到了键盘虚拟键判断、终端窗口大小的改变、光标的定位以及输出字体的颜色
若有不懂的地方,可以在评论区给我留言
代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define R 'R'
#define L 'L'
#define U 'U'
#define D 'D'
typedef struct Node
{int x;int y;struct Node* next;
}snake;char FORWARD_DIRECTION; //定义当前前进的方向
snake* head, * p, * nexthead;//蛇头指针、创建贪吃蛇的间接指针、下一步生成的头指针、尾指针
snake* food;//随机生成的食物
int grade = 0; //当前得分
int addGrade = 5; //加的分数随速度而增加
int sleepTime = 250; //贪吃蛇停顿的时间,可通过修改停顿时间改变贪吃蛇前进的速度void hideCursor(); //定义隐藏光标函数
void gotoxy(int x, int y); //移动光标函数
void color(int c); //设置接下来输出字体的颜色
void createMap(); //创建地图函数
void initSnake(); //初始化贪吃蛇函数
void speedUp(); //加速函数
void speedDown(); //减速函数
void createFood(); //随机生成食物函数
void collideWall(); //检测撞墙函数
void collideSelf(); //检测是否撞到自己
void moveSnake(); //贪吃蛇移动函数
void gradeBoard(); //显示得分板函数
void endGame(); //结束游戏函数
void keyboardControl(); //检测键盘按键函数
void welcometoGame(); //初始化函数void hideCursor() //定义隐藏光标函数
{CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor;cursor.bVisible = FALSE;cursor.dwSize = sizeof(cursor);HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &cursor);
}void gotoxy(int x, int y)
{ //移动光标到相应位置COORD c = { x, y };SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}void color(int c)
{ //设置接下来输出字符的颜色SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}void createMap()
{ //创建地图system("mode con cols=150 lines=30");system("cls");color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++) { //上边框printf("■");}for (int i = 1; i <= 28; i++) { //左右边框gotoxy(0, i);printf("■");gotoxy(78, i);printf("■");}gotoxy(0, 29);for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++) { //上边框printf("■");}
}void initSnake()
{snake* tail;color(15);head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));head->x = 36;head->y = 12;p = head;for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));tail->x = head->x + 2 * i;tail->y = head->y;p->next = tail;p = tail;}p->next = NULL;p = head; //记录下头指针的位置gotoxy(head->x, head->y);while (head != NULL) {printf("■");head = head->next;}gotoxy(149, 29);
}void speedUp() //通过减小sleepTime加快速度,但sleepTime不能小于100
{if (sleepTime > 50){sleepTime = sleepTime - 50; addGrade++;}
}void speedDown() //通过增大sleepTime减慢速度,但sleepTime不能大于500
{if (sleepTime < 450){sleepTime = sleepTime + 50; addGrade--;}
}void createFood()
{ //随机生成食物byte i; head = p;food = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));food->next = NULL;while (1){i = 0; //每次循环时重置i为0。若此条语句放在外部while语句外部,当随机生成的食物与蛇身重叠时,i被置1//此时i就一直为1,将陷入死循环food->x = rand() % 75 + 2; //注意在范围内生成的数要为偶数,要与蛇头对齐food->y = rand() % 25 + 2;while (head != NULL) {if (food->x == head->x && food->y == head->y)i = 1;head = head->next;} //重置head的值,当随机生成的食物与蛇身重叠时,又从外部while的第一条语句开始执行head = p; //,此时若没有重置head的值,内嵌的while将直接跳过,没有二次判断if (food->x % 2 == 0 && food->y % 2 == 0 && i == 0)break;}gotoxy(food->x, food->y);color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);printf("■");
}void collideWall() {if (head->x == 0)endGame();if (head->x == 78)endGame();if (head->y == 0)endGame();if (head->y == 29)endGame();
}void collideSelf() {head = head->next;while (head != NULL){if (head->x == p->x && head->y == p->y)endGame();head = head->next;}head = p;
}void moveSnake()
{color(15);head = p; //初始化头指针的位置if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == L) {//gotoxy(100, 3);nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));nexthead->x = head->x - 2;nexthead->y = head->y;nexthead->next = head;head = nexthead; //头指针指向新开创的空间p = head; //记录下头指针的值collideWall();collideSelf();gotoxy(head->x, head->y);printf("■");if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y) //若吃到了食物,则尾部不清除{free(food);grade = grade + addGrade;createFood();}else { //若没有吃到食物,则清除尾部,保持原有长度while (head->next->next != NULL){ //此处注意head = head->next;}gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱printf(" ");free(head->next);head->next = NULL;}head = p;}if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == U) {//gotoxy(100, 3);nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));nexthead->x = head->x;nexthead->y = head->y - 1;nexthead->next = head;head = nexthead;p = head;gotoxy(head->x, head->y);printf("■");collideWall();collideSelf();if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y){free(food);grade = grade + addGrade;createFood();}else {while (head->next->next != NULL){ //此处注意head = head->next;}gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱printf(" ");free(head->next);head->next = NULL;}head = p;}if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == R) {//gotoxy(100, 3);nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));nexthead->x = head->x + 2;nexthead->y = head->y;nexthead->next = head;head = nexthead;p = head;gotoxy(head->x, head->y);printf("■");collideWall();collideSelf();if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y){free(food);grade = grade + addGrade;createFood();}else {while (head->next->next != NULL){ //此处注意head = head->next;}gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱printf(" ");free(head->next);head->next = NULL;}head = p;}if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == D) {//gotoxy(100, 3);nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));nexthead->x = head->x;nexthead->y = head->y + 1;nexthead->next = head;head = nexthead;p = head;gotoxy(head->x, head->y);printf("■");collideWall();collideSelf();if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y){free(food);grade = grade + addGrade;createFood();}else {while (head->next->next != NULL){ //此处注意head = head->next;}gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y); //通过next释放尾部是因为直接释放尾部会导致next指向混乱printf(" ");free(head->next);head->next = NULL;}head = p;}
}void gradeBoard()
{gotoxy(100, 12);color(4);printf("得分:%d ", grade);gotoxy(100, 14);printf("每个食物得分: %d分", addGrade);gotoxy(100, 16);printf("碰墙或碰到自己即Game Over.");gotoxy(100, 18);printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移动");gotoxy(100, 20);printf("F1 加速,F2 减速");gotoxy(100, 22);printf("空格space:暂停游戏");gotoxy(100, 24);printf("ESC :退出游戏");
}void endGame() {system("cls");gotoxy(66, 10);color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);printf("游戏结束");gotoxy(64, 12);printf("您的得分为:%d", grade);gotoxy(61, 14);printf("再按一次ESC退出游戏");while (1){Sleep(300);if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))exit(0);}
}void keyboardControl()
{FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;while (1) {gradeBoard();if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != D) {FORWARD_DIRECTION = U;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != U) {FORWARD_DIRECTION = D;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != R) {FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != L) {FORWARD_DIRECTION = R;}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1)) //按F1加快速度{speedUp();}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2)) //按F2减慢速度{speedDown();}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE)) //空格键暂停{while (1){if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE)) //在暂停时也能响应ESC键退出游戏{endGame();}gotoxy(100, 8);color(4);printf("Pause.");Sleep(300);if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE)){gotoxy(100, 8);printf("Start.");break;}}}else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE)){endGame();}moveSnake();Sleep(sleepTime); //通过改变sleepTime大小更改贪吃蛇速度}
}void welcometoGame()
{char n;color(15);gotoxy(42, 10);printf("Wecome to snake.");color(12);gotoxy(20, 27);printf("按1开始游戏");gotoxy(65, 27);printf("按任意除1按键退出游戏");color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);gotoxy(40, 14);printf("每个食物得分: %d分", addGrade);gotoxy(38, 16);printf("碰墙或咬到自己即Game Over.");gotoxy(38, 18);printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移动");gotoxy(41, 20);printf("F1 加速,F2 减速");gotoxy(40, 22);printf("空格space:暂停游戏");gotoxy(43, 24);printf("ESC :退出游戏");gotoxy(43, 28);printf("please select:");n = getch();switch (n){case '1':{createMap();initSnake();createFood();keyboardControl();break;}default:exit(0);}
}int main()
{system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");hideCursor();//SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_BLUE);//printf("Hello, World");//system("cls");welcometoGame();}
运行截图:


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