一、返回固定页面的web服务器

由于浏览器只认固定格式的数据，所以不能将html的数据直接返回给浏览器，需要将数据改为浏览器认准的格式，包括响应行、响应头、空行、响应体
在这里插入图片描述

import socketif __name__ == '__main__':tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 8000))tcp_server_socket.listen(128)while True:new_socket, ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)print(recv_data)# 打开文件读取文件中的数据with open("static/index.html", "r") as file:file_data = file.read()# 响应行response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"# 响应头response_header = "Server: PWS/1.0\r\n"# 响应体response_body = file_data# 把数据封装成http 响应报文格式的数据response = response_line + response_header + "\r\n" + response_bodyresponse_data = response.encode("utf-8")new_socket.send(response_data)new_socket.close()

二、返回指定页面的web服务器

上面不管访问哪个地址，都返回的是同一个页面，明显与实际使用场景不符，优化一下，根据不同的地址返回相应的页面。
recv_content返回的数据是这样的：'GET /index2.html HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost:8989\r\nUser-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:95.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/95.0\r\nAccept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8\r\nAccept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2\r\nAccept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\nConnection: keep-alive\r\nCookie: Pycharm-900df24b=1a52600c-c2d3-454f-9f85-7815555a4ebe\r\nUpgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1\r\nSec-Fetch-Dest: document\r\nSec-Fetch-Mode: navigate\r\nSec-Fetch-Site: none\r\nSec-Fetch-User: ?1\r\n\r\n'
只要根据空格分割即可取出页面的信息“/index2.html”

import socket
import osdef main():tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 8000))tcp_server_socket.listen(128)while True:new_socket, ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)# 判断接收的数据长度是否为0，防止用户没有任何请求就断开链接报错的情况if len(recv_data) == 0:new_socket.close()returnrecv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")print(recv_content)# 对数据按照空格进行分割request_list = recv_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2)# 获取请求的资源路径request_path = request_list[1]print(request_path)# 判断请求的是否是根目录，如果是根目录设置返回的信息if request_path == "/":request_path = "/index.html"#  这里使用rb模式，兼容打开图片文件with open("static" + request_path, "rb") as file:file_data = file.read()response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"response_header = "Server: PWS/1.0\r\n"response_body = file_data# 把数据封装成http 响应报文格式的数据response = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_bodynew_socket.send(response)new_socket.close()if __name__ == '__main__':main()

三、返回404页面

上面的代码还有个小问题，当请求的页面不存在时，程序会报错

...
def main():...while True:...if request_path == "/":request_path = "/index.html"try:with open("static" + request_path, "rb") as file:file_data = file.read()except FileNotFoundError as e:# 代码执行到此，说明没有请求的该文件，返回404状态信息response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"# 读取404页面数据with open("static/error.html", "rb") as file:file_data = file.read()else:# 代码执行到此，说明文件存在，返回200状态信息response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"finally:response_header = "Server: PWS/1.0\r\n"response_body = file_dataresponse = (response_line +response_header +"\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_bodynew_socket.send(response)new_socket.close()
...

四、多任务版

要想实现多任务版，就按照之前的方法创建子线程即可。

import socket
import os
import threadingdef send_recv(new_socket):recv_data = new_socket.recv(4096)if len(recv_data) == 0:new_socket.close()returnrecv_content = recv_data.decode("utf-8")print(recv_content)request_list = recv_content.split(" ", maxsplit=2)request_path = request_list[1]print(request_path)if request_path == "/":request_path = "/index.html"try:with open("static" + request_path, "rb") as file:file_data = file.read()except FileNotFoundError as e:response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"with open("static/error.html", "rb") as file:file_data = file.read()else:response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"finally:response_header = "Server: PWS/1.0\r\n"response_body = file_dataresponse = (response_line +response_header +"\r\n").encode("utf-8") + response_bodynew_socket.send(response)new_socket.close()def main():tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 8989))tcp_server_socket.listen(128)while True:new_socket, ip_port = tcp_server_socket.accept()t1 = threading.Thread(target=send_recv, args=(new_socket,))t1.setDaemon(True)t1.start()if __name__ == '__main__':main()

五、面向对象版

import socket
import threading# 定义web服务器类
class HttpWebServer(object):def __init__(self):self.tcp_server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)self.tcp_server_socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", 9000))self.tcp_server_socket.listen(128)# 此方法用不到self和cls，即可定义为静态方法@staticmethoddef send_recv(new_socket):...# 启动web服务器进行工作def start(self):while True:new_socket, ip_port = self.tcp_server_socket.accept()sub_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.send_recv, args=(new_socket,))sub_thread.setDaemon(True)sub_thread.start()def main():# 创建web服务器对象web_server = HttpWebServer()# 启动web服务器进行工作web_server.start()if __name__ == '__main__':main()

五、命令行启动动态绑定端口号

修改上面的代码。

import socket
import threading# 定义web服务器类
class HttpWebServer(object,port):def __init__(self):...self.tcp_server_socket.bind(("", port))...def main():# 判断命令行参数是否等于2,if len(sys.argv) != 2:print("执行命令如下: python3 xxx.py 8000")return# 判断字符串是否都是数字组成if not sys.argv[1].isdigit():print("第二个参数必须为数字")return# 获取终端命令行参数port = int(sys.argv[1])# 创建web服务器对象web_server = HttpWebServer(port)# 启动web服务器进行工作web_server.start()if __name__ == '__main__':main()