计算器项目,要求实现加、减、乘、除、求倒数、求平方根等简单运算。
真机调试结果如下图:

布局文件:main_activity.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:background="#FFFFFF"android:orientation="vertical"android:padding="3dp"><ScrollViewandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"><LinearLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="vertical"><TextViewandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:gravity="center"android:text="简单计算器"android:textColor="#000000"android:textSize="20sp" /><LinearLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:background="#ffffff"android:orientation="vertical"><TextViewandroid:id="@+id/tv_result"android:background="#4E4B4B"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:gravity="right|bottom"android:lines="3"android:maxLines="3"android:scrollbars="vertical"android:text="0"android:textColor="#FFFFFF"android:textSize="35sp" /></LinearLayout><GridLayoutandroid:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:columnCount="4"><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_cancel"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:shadowColor="@color/purple_500"android:text="CE"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_divide"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="÷"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_multiply"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="×"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_clear"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="C"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_seven"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="7"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_eight"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="8"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp" /><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_nine"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="9"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_plus"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="+"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_four"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="4"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_five"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="5"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_six"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="6"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_minus"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="-"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_one"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="1"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_two"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="2"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_three"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="3"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><ImageButtonandroid:id="@+id/ib_sqrt"android:layout_width="90dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:scaleType="centerInside"android:src="@drawable/sqrt"android:gravity="center"android:layout_marginStart="4dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_reciprocal"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="1/x"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="28sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_zero"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="0"android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_dot"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="."android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/><Buttonandroid:id="@+id/btn_equal"android:layout_width="85dp"android:layout_height="70dp"android:backgroundTint="@color/gray"android:gravity="center"android:text="="android:textColor="@color/black"android:textSize="30sp"android:layout_marginStart="5dp"/></GridLayout></LinearLayout></ScrollView></LinearLayout>
活动页面:MainActivity.java
package com.example.calculator;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.example.calculator.cal.CoreAlgorithm;public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{private TextView tv_result; // 声明一个文本视图对象private double result =0; // 当前的计算结果private String showText = ""; // 显示的文本内容private final StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder(); //存储运算式子的字符串构造器@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);tv_result = findViewById(R.id.tv_result);int[] buttonSeq={R.id.btn_cancel, // “取消”按钮R.id.btn_divide,// “除法”按钮R.id.btn_multiply , // “乘法”按钮R.id.btn_clear , // “清除”按钮R.id.btn_seven , // 数字7R.id.btn_eight , // 数字8R.id.btn_nine , // 数字9R.id.btn_plus , // “加法”按钮R.id.btn_four , // 数字4R.id.btn_five , // 数字5R.id.btn_six , // 数字6R.id.btn_minus , // “减法”按钮R.id.btn_one , // 数字1R.id.btn_two , // 数字2R.id.btn_three , // 数字3R.id.btn_reciprocal , // 求倒数按钮R.id.btn_zero , // 数字0R.id.btn_dot , // “小数点”按钮R.id.btn_equal , // “等号”按钮R.id.ib_sqrt // “开平方”按钮};for(int buttonId:buttonSeq)findViewById(buttonId).setOnClickListener(this);builder.append(0);}//符号分类//数字//四则运算符//小数点//根号,倒数,等号,直接出结果//CE C@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {int id=v.getId();String inputText="";// if(result!=0){ //如果结果不为0,则按照结果进行运算
// clear();
// builder.append(result);
// }//若不为根号,因为根号按钮无法取值if(id!=R.id.ib_sqrt) {inputText = ((TextView) v).getText().toString();//判断是否为数字、小数点以及四则运算符if (inputText.matches("\\d|\\.")) { //输入是否为数字或点号resultCheck();if(builder.toString().equals("0")){builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1);}builder.append(inputText);if(verifyExp(builder.toString())){refreshText(builder.toString()); //表达式正确刷新}else{builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1); //表达式不正确删除最后一位字符}} else if (inputText.matches("\\+|-|×|÷")) { //输入为四则运算符resultCheck();builder.append(inputText);if(verifyExp(builder.toString())){refreshText(builder.toString());}else{ //更替运算符操作builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);builder.append(inputText);refreshText(builder.toString());}}else { //点击了CE C 1/X =switch (inputText) {case "CE":resultCheck();//有字符才能删除if (builder.length() > 0) {builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);refreshText(builder.toString());} else {Toast.makeText(this, "没有数字可删了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}break;case "C":refreshText("");result=0.0;builder.delete(0, builder.length()); //builder清空builder.append(0);break;case "1/x":resultCheck();result=1/(CoreAlgorithm.calExp(builder.toString()));refreshText("1/("+builder.toString()+")=\n"+result);break;case "=":resultCheck();if(result==0.0) {result = CoreAlgorithm.calExp(builder.toString());
// builder.append("=");//容易出错 ,按等号会把这个式子进行运算refreshText(builder.toString() + "=\n" + result);}break;default:Toast.makeText(this, "error", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}}else{ // 点击了开根号,由于算法不支持有运算符在前,目前已经支持resultCheck(); //经过一次检查结果被清零,结果存于builder中result = Math.sqrt(CoreAlgorithm.calExp(builder.toString()));refreshText("√(" + builder.toString() + ")=\n" + result);}}//检查整个表达式public boolean verifyExp(String exp){ //验证整个表达式是否合法String lastNum="";String[] sp=exp.split("\\+|-|×|÷"); //将操作数分割出来char lastChar=exp.charAt(exp.length()-1); //获得最后一个字符lastNum=sp[sp.length-1]; //取得最后一位操作数if(String.valueOf(lastChar).matches("\\+|-|×|÷")) //如果当前符号为四则运算符{lastNum="";return exp.matches(".*(\\d[+-×÷])|.*(\\.[+-×÷])"); //验证最后的运算符是否符合只有一个原则}else{ //最后一位为运算数return lastNum.matches("^[-]?\\d*\\.?\\d*"); //验证最后一位运算数是否合法}}// 刷新文本显示private void refreshText(String text) {showText = text;tv_result.setText(showText);}// 清空并初始化private void clear() {builder.delete(0, builder.length());showText="";}//基本每个出结果的按钮都要执行一次这个函数public void resultCheck(){ //运算结果检查,有结果用结果,结果不为数字进行处理if(result!=0){ //如果结果不为0,则按照结果进行运算String res=String.valueOf(result);if(res.matches("^[-]?\\d*\\.?\\d*")){ //若为浮点数字clear();builder.append(result);result=0; //结果不清零,检查的时候就会一直重复放入结果}else{ //若结果为字母,分母为0会返回Infinity,以及负数开方clear();builder.append("0");result=0;}}if(builder.length()==0){builder.append(0);}}}
核心算法:CoreAlgorithm.java
package com.example.calculator.cal;import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;public class CoreAlgorithm {private static final Stack<Double> st = new Stack<>(); //原始数字栈private static final Queue<Double> qu = new ArrayDeque<>(); //序列化数字队列,private static final Queue<String> queOp = new ArrayDeque<>(); //符号队列private static final Queue<String> newQueOp = new ArrayDeque<>();public static double calExp(String exp) {// String str="1+3*2-8/2+6";
// String str="1+3*2/1";//本算法似乎不支持符号在前面,目前算法已经改进//处理运算符在式子最后if (exp.matches(".*[\\+\\-×÷]")) {exp = exp.substring(0, exp.length() - 1);}String[] sp; //存放分割数组//运算符在式子最前面if (exp.matches("[\\+\\-×÷].*")) {String fistElem=exp.substring(0,1); //截取首个字符exp=exp.substring(1); //舍去首个字符//分割字符,提取数字sp = exp.split("\\+|-|×|÷");if(fistElem.equals("-")){ //首个字符为负号sp[0]="-"+sp[0]; //添加负号}}else{ //没有符号在前sp = exp.split("\\+|-|×|÷");}//之前直接分割字符会导致,数组第一位为空,导致程序无法运行for (int i = sp.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {if (sp[i].equals(".")) {st.push(0.0); //替换点号} else {st.push(Double.parseDouble(sp[i]));}}//寻找匹配字符串Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\+|-|×|÷");Matcher m = p.matcher(exp);while (m.find()) {queOp.add(m.group());}// for(int i=sp.length-1;i>=0;i--){
// System.out.println(st.pop());
// }// int size=queNum.size();
// for(int i=0;i<size;i++)
// System.out.println(queNum.poll());//运算降级序列化while (st.size() > 0) {String currOp;if (queOp.size() > 0) {currOp = queOp.poll();} else {currOp = "0";}switch (currOp) {case "×":st.push(st.pop() * st.pop());break;case "÷":st.push(st.pop() / st.pop());break;case "+":qu.add(st.pop());newQueOp.add("+");break;case "-":qu.add(st.pop());newQueOp.add("-");break;default:qu.add(st.pop());}}//正常运算if (qu.size() > 0) {double res = qu.poll();while (qu.size() > 0) {String op = "";if (newQueOp.size() > 0) {op = newQueOp.poll();} else {op = "none";}switch (op) {case "+":res += qu.poll();break;case "-":res -= qu.poll();break;default:System.out.println("none");}}return res;}return 0.0;}
}