Java 调用第三方接口方法
一、 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection
1.java.net包下的原生java api提供的http请求
使用步骤:
1、通过统一资源定位器(java.net.URL)获取连接器(java.net.URLConnection)。
2、设置请求的参数。
3、发送请求。
4、以输入流的形式获取返回内容。
5、关闭输入流。
2.HttpClientUtil工具类
/*** jdk 调用第三方接口* @author hsq*/
public class HttpClientUtil2 {/*** 以post方式调用对方接口方法* @param pathUrl*/public static String doPost(String pathUrl, String data){OutputStreamWriter out = null;BufferedReader br = null;String result = "";try {URL url = new URL(pathUrl);//打开和url之间的连接HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。conn.setRequestMethod("POST");//设置30秒连接超时conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置30秒读取超时conn.setReadTimeout(30000);// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;conn.setDoInput(true);// Post请求不能使用缓存conn.setUseCaches(false);//设置通用的请求属性conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); //维持长链接conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");//连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,conn.connect();/*** 下面的三句代码,就是调用第三方http接口*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流//此处getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect(即:如同调用上面的connect()方法,所以在开发中不调用上述的connect()也可以)。out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");//发送请求参数即数据out.write(data);//flush输出流的缓冲out.flush();/*** 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();//构造一个字符流缓存br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));String str = "";while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){result += str;}System.out.println(result);//关闭流is.close();//断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。conn.disconnect();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {if (out != null){out.close();}if (br != null){br.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}/*** 以get方式调用对方接口方法* @param pathUrl*/public static String doGet(String pathUrl){BufferedReader br = null;String result = "";try {URL url = new URL(pathUrl);//打开和url之间的连接HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//设定请求的方法为"GET",默认是GET//post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//设置30秒连接超时conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);//设置30秒读取超时conn.setReadTimeout(30000);// 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;conn.setDoOutput(true);// 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;conn.setDoInput(true);// Post请求不能使用缓存(get可以不使用)conn.setUseCaches(false);//设置通用的请求属性conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive"); //维持长链接conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");//连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,conn.connect();/*** 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果*///获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();//构造一个字符流缓存br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));String str = "";while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){result += str;}System.out.println(result);//关闭流is.close();//断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。conn.disconnect();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {if (br != null){br.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}return result;}
}
3.第三方api接口
/*** @author hsq*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping ("/getHello")public Result getHelloWord(){log.info("进入到api接口.......");return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");}
}
4.测试类
@Testpublic void testJDKApi(){//测试get方法String s = HttpClientUtil2.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");System.out.println("get方法:"+s);//测试post方法User user = new User();user.setUname("胡萝卜");user.setRole("普通用户");//把对象转换为json格式String s1 = JsonUtil.toJson(user);String postString = HttpClientUtil2.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello",s1);System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);}
结果:
二、通过Apache common封装好的HttpClient
1.引入依赖
<!--HttpClient--><dependency><groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId><artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId><version>3.1</version></dependency><!--json--><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>1.2.28</version></dependency>
2.httpClientUtil
/***httpClient的get请求方式* 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤:* 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;* 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数;* 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;* 4.处理响应状态码;* 5.若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;* 6.释放连接。* @author hsq*/
public class HttpClientUtil {/*** @param url* @param charset* @return*/public static String doGet(String url, String charset){/*** 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数*/HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();//设置Http连接超时为5秒httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);/*** 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数*/GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);//设置get请求超时为5秒getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);//设置请求重试处理,用的是默认的重试处理:请求三次getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());String response = "";/*** 3.执行HTTP GET 请求*/try {int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);/*** 4.判断访问的状态码*/if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){System.err.println("请求出错:" + getMethod.getStatusLine());}/*** 5.处理HTTP响应内容*///HTTP响应头部信息,这里简单打印Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();for (Header h: headers){System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());}//读取HTTP响应内容,这里简单打印网页内容//读取为字节数组byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();response = new String(responseBody, charset);System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);//读取为InputStream,在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用//InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();} catch (HttpException e) {//发生致命的异常,可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e){//发生网络异常System.out.println("发生网络异常!");}finally {/*** 6.释放连接*/getMethod.releaseConnection();}return response;}/*** post请求* @param url* @param json* @return*/public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");//设置json格式传送postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");//必须设置下面这个HeaderpostMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");//添加请求参数//postMethod.addParameter("param", json.getString("param"));StringRequestEntity param = new StringRequestEntity(json.getString("param"));postMethod.setRequestEntity(param);String res = "";try {int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);if (code == 200){byte[] responseBody = postMethod.getResponseBody();res = new String(responseBody, "UTF-8");//res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();System.out.println(res);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return res;}
}
3.第三方api接口
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping ("/getHello")public Result getHelloWord(){log.info("进入到api接口.......");return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");}}
4.测试类
@Testpublic void testApi() {//测试get方法String s = HttpClientUtil.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello", "UTF-8");System.out.println("get方法:"+s);//测试post方法User user = new User();user.setUname("胡萝卜");user.setRole("普通用户");JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();String s1 = JsonUtil.toJson(user);jsonObject.put("param",s1);String postString = HttpClientUtil.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", jsonObject);System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);}
结果:
三、通过Spring的RestTemplate
1.引入依赖
导入springboot的web包
<parent><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId><version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version></parent><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies>
2.RestTemplate配置类
/*** @author hsq*/
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {@Beanpublic RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){return new RestTemplate(factory);}@Beanpublic ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);factory.setReadTimeout(5000);return factory;}
}
3.RestTemplate实现类
/*** @author hsq*/
@Component
public class RestTemplateToInterface {@Autowiredprivate RestTemplate restTemplate;/*** 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity* @param url* @return*/public Result doGetWith1(String url){ResponseEntity<Result> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, Result.class);Result result = responseEntity.getBody();return result;}/*** 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject* 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()* @param url* @return*/public Result doGetWith2(String url){Result result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Result.class);return result;}/*** 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity* @param url* @param user* @return*/public String doPostWith1(String url,User user){ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);String body = responseEntity.getBody();return body;}/*** 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity* 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()* @param url* @param user* @return*/public String doPostWith2(String url,User user){String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);return body;}/*** exchange* @return*/public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){//header参数HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();String token = "asdfaf2322";headers.add("authorization", token);headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);//放入body中的json参数JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();obj.put("age", age);obj.put("name", name);//组装HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);String body = responseEntity.getBody();return body;}}
4.第三方api接口
/*** @author hsq*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);@GetMapping ("/getHello")public Result getHelloWord(){log.info("进入到api接口.......");return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");}@PostMapping("/postHello")public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){log.info("进入post 方法.....");System.out.println(user.toString());return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");}
}
5.测试类
//注入使用
@Autowired
private RestTemplateToInterface restTemplateToInterface;@Test
public void testSpringBootApi(){Result result= restTemplateToInterface.doGetWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");System.out.println("get结果:"+result);User user = new User();user.setUname("胡萝卜");user.setRole("普通用户");String s = restTemplateToInterface.doPostWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", user);System.out.println("post结果:"+s);
}
结果: