视听说教程（第三版）4 quiz 5
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
The Oxford Dictionary offers many definitions of independent, including “not depending on the authority of others” and “not dependent on others for forming an opinion”. Making up your own mind, in other words. But what does that really mean? Does it mean forming an opinion without input from others? No, of course not, otherwise we “reinvent the wheel” every time we make a decision. We all need relevant information and data on which to base our opinions. It’s the way that we seek information and how we apply it that makes us dependent or independent thinkers. If we uncritically accept whatever values or ideas we’ve been taught by parents, teachers or church, never questioning these ideas or asking ourselves if these ideas really make sense, then we are dependent thinkers (even if the ideas are true!).
If we reject what our parents, teachers or church have taught us simply because they say something is right, does that make us independent thinkers? No, that’s just what psychologists call “anti-conformity 【反对一致】” rather than non-conformity. Making up your own mind is an action, not a reaction.
Independent thinking means making sense of the world based on your own observations and experiences rather than just depending on the word of others. It means trusting your own ability to make judgments, even if they contradict what others say. It means acting in accordance【依照；与⋯相称】 with these judgments, even if you sometimes make mistakes. An independent thinker knows it’s psychologically better to make your own mistakes than someone else’s.
Independent thinking is not necessarily sensible or critical. Sometimes you make mistakes; sometimes it’s difficult to know if your beliefs are your own or simply uncritically borrowed. No one ever said independent thinking is easy.
Critical thinking is a tool that you as an independent thinker can use. It can help you decide whether your old beliefs are sensible. It can help you examine new ideas or help you solve problems in reasonable ways.
- If we “reinvent the wheel (Para. 1)” for making a decision, we __________.
A) don’t need input from others
B) think independently
C) act on the basis of our own experiences
D) do something in a least efficient way - To be an independent thinker, we __________.
A) should have our own ways to seek information
B) should not swallow other people’s ideas
C) should take an anti-conformity attitude
D) should not make an erroneous decision - Refusing to accept what is correct is __________.
A) an unreasonable reaction
B) an action not in conformity with tradition
C) the first step toward independent thinking
D) necessary for making up one’s independent decision - An independent thinker wouldn’t like to make mistakes of someone else’s. This is because making such an error is an indication that __________.
A) he didn’t go against conformity
B) he uncritically borrowed someone’s opinion
C) he didn’t think sensibly
D) he didn’t learn any lessons from his own experiences - In what follows, the author would most probably explore __________.
A) what critical thinking is
B) how one can think independently
C) how independent thinking differs from dependent thinking
D) why one should think critically
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
There have been claims that warming on Mars and Pluto are proof that the recent warming on Earth is caused by an increase in solar activity, and not by greenhouse gases. But we can say with certainty, even if Mars, Pluto or any other planets have warmed in recent years, it is not due to changes in solar activity. The Sun’s energy output has not increased since direct measurements began in 1978. If it is increased, we should be seeing warming on all the planets and their moons, not just Mars and Pluto.
All stars in our solar system have their basic atmosphere, and thus a climate of sorts. Their climates will be affected by local factors such as orbital variations 【变化】, changes in reflectance 【反射】 and even volcanic eruptions 【火山爆发】, so it would not be surprising if several planets and moons turn out to be warming at any one time. However, given that a year on Mars is nearly two Earth years long, and that a year on Pluto lasts for 248 Earth years, it is rather early to start drawing conclusions about long-term climate trends on the outer bodies of the Solar System.
Images of Mars suggest that between 1999 and 2005, some of the frozen carbon dioxide that covers the south polar region has turned into gas. This may be the result of the whole planet warming. One theory is that winds have recently swept some areas of Mars clean of dust, darkening the surface and leading to further increases in windiness. There is a great deal of uncertainty, though. The warming could be a regional effect. And recent results from the thermal 【热的】 imaging system on Mars suggest that the polar cap is not shrinking at all, but varies greatly from one Martian year to the next, although the details have yet to be published.
Observations of the thickness of Pluto’s atmosphere in 2002 suggested the planet was warming even as its orbit took it further from the Sun. The finding puzzled astronomers at the time, and the cause has yet to be determined. It has since been suggested that this is due to a greenhouse effect: as it gets closer to the Sun, Pluto may warm enough for some of the methane ice on its surface to turn into a gas. This would cause further warming, which would continue for a while even after Pluto’s orbit starts to take it away from the Sun.
- Those who argue against the recent claims believe that there is no change __________.
A) in Mars’ climate
B) in solar activity
C) in Pluto’s climate
D) in the basic atmosphere of our solar system - Which of the following can be learned from the passage about warming on Mars?
A) The dust is not to blame for warming on Mars.
B) The change of carbon dioxide into warm gas turns Mars into a hotter place.
C) The temperatures in some areas of Mars are undergoing changes.
D) A longer Martian year might cause warming on Mars. - Astronomers were once bewildered why __________.
A) some of the methane ice on the Pluto’s surface turns into a gas
B) a greenhouse effect takes place on Pluto
C) the temperature on Pluto is lowering when it is closer to the sun
D) the temperature on Pluto is rising when it is farther away from the sun - The author of the passage is sure that __________.
A) warming on Mars and Pluto is caused by greenhouse gases
B) it is more windy on Mars
C) changes in solar activities will affect all the planets
D) the polar region of Mars is getting smaller - Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A) Recent Claims: Mars and Pluto Are Warming
B) Heated Discussion: Mars and Pluto Are Warming
C) Climate Myths: Mars and Pluto Are Warming
D) Proper Causes: Mars and Pluto Are Warming
Section B
A) privilege【特权；荣幸】
B) flattering【 奉承的；令人愉悦的；增姿添彩的】
C) deformed【 畸形的；变形的】
D) inevitably【必然地；不可避免地；不出所料地】
E) thrilling
F) indifference【漠不关心；平庸】
G) talented
H) imply【 暗示；意味着；表示】
I) was bound up with
J) on top of
- Sitting slantingly【歪歪扭扭的】 in front of the computer for a long time can_______ your vertebra【脊椎】 (spine) and cause spondylitis (脊椎炎).
- Last night we watched a ______movie dramatized【把⋯改编成戏剧；生动地表达；夸张】 from Coma by Robin Cook.
- During the Christmas season people have the ________of sampling all kinds of puddings【 甜食；甜点；布丁；胖子；呆瓜】
before coming to a decision in the pudding shop run by the old couple. - The drizzle【毛毛雨】 turning into a heavy rain, the football match was_______postponed. But the audience was given rain checks for the next day’s game.
- The man seated beside her______her by saying how beautiful her eyes were.
- He writes for the newspaper _______his regular teaching in the university.
- She is a_______actress and acts vividly in any play.
- Mike feels upset these days. Actually, his irritability ________the downsizing in the firm.
- He managed to_______the message that he had donated a great sum of money to the charity.
- Tom shows unbelievable _________towards this crazy worship from his young fans.
CEADB JGIHF
Vocabulary and Structure
Section A
- Although ___________ to a wheelchair as a disabled person, Jane is very active in church life.
A) confirmed
B) confined【 狭窄的；受约束的】
C) conceited
D) concentrated - The Chinese Volleyball Team is expected to win the world ___________ of the Olympics in 2008.
A) candidate
B) chance
C) challenge
D) championship - In the south of our village, there were many stone walls which were used to divide __________ from arable land.
A) pastime
B) perception
C) pasture【牧场；牧草】
D) permission - There exist advantages and disadvantages of this renovation, but the advantages far _____________ the disadvantages.
A) outdraw
B) outgrow
C) outweigh
D) outlive - He is highly praised for not only his diligence in work but also ___________ to his colleagues.
A) carelessness
B) pride
C) jealousy
D) honesty - The girl ___________ David so much that she refused to accept any reasonable criticism concerning his acting style.
A) worshipped【 敬奉；崇拜】
B) admired
C) resented
D) witnessed - The summer here this year is _____________ hot. One of the meteorologists tells the paper the temperature of the period has been the highest since 1949.
A) awkwardly
B) impossibly
C) artificially
D) immeasurably - After years of neglect the palace has been restored to its former ____________.
A) glory
B) gender
C) governor
D) greed - I’ve always _____________ Mr. Smith for he has much knowledge.
A) looked out for
B) looked up to
C) looked forward to
D) looked down on - He plays a so important role in his company that no one can ____________ him.
A) in place of
B) instead of
C) take the place of
D) replace of
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