视听说教程（第三版）4 quiz 4
Reading Comprehension
Section A
Passage One
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
As all forms of electricity generation involve some harmful environmental effects, the conservation of energy is being encouraged by environmentalists and by Government as an alternative means of easing the problems. Indeed conservation has been referred to as the “fourth fuel” because of the possibility of meeting electricity demand by improving the efficiency of use rather than building additional power stations. Conservation cannot of itself replace the other three — fossil, nuclear and renewable — but by reducing the amount of energy required can lessen the environmental consequences (后果).
Properly applied, conservation of energy involves considering the whole energy cycle including mining, processing, conversion and use, and includes manufacture and disposal of all equipment used within the energy cycle. One step in the process is to ensure that energy is produced as efficiently as possible, but present methods of using fossil fuels, nuclear power and renewable energy are already close to the theoretical limit as regards efficiency of conversion, so great improvements cannot be reached.
However, with regard to the usage of energy there are very significant savings to be made in all sorts of ways — the better heat insulation (保温) of houses and the development and acceptance of fuel-efficient cars are but two examples. In the longer term society may have to accept that the current usage of energy is unsustainable (不可持续的) and that fundamental decisions about our way of life will have to be taken. But conservation can only be taken so far. Energy, including electricity, will always be needed by society. Power stations will still have to be built and they will still have environmental consequences.
- Which of the following cannot be learned from the first paragraph?
A) The environment has much to do with energy production.
B) There are four types of fuel in the world.
C) Conservation can make the environment problems less serious.
D) Nuclear power station is harmful to the environment. - Conservation __________.
A) is applicable only in the use of energy
B) is applicable in all aspects of energy generation
C) has a great role to play in energy conversion
D) should be properly applied - Present methods of electricity generation __________.
A) is not efficient enough due to a lack of advanced theories
B) is not efficient enough due to the low qualities of fossil fuels
C) is almost as efficient as it can be
D) both A and B - Energy conservation has a bright future in __________.
A) mining
B) processing
C) the recycle of equipment
D) the uses of energy - As far as the environmental problems are concerned, the author would disagree that __________.
A) as long as there are power stations, there are environmental problems
B) we will have to change our way of life
C) saving is the ultimate means for solving environmental problems
D) the energy available cannot allow us to consume energy as we are doing now
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
It is possible that the world is heading towards a global energy crisis due to a decline in the availability of cheap oil. This has led to more intensive research in alternative fuels, such as fuel cell technology, hydrogen fuel, solar energy, and wind energy. To date, only hydroelectricity and nuclear power have been significant alternatives to fossil fuel, with big ecological problems (wastes and water spending). Hydrogen gas is currently produced at a net (净的) energy loss from natural gas, which is also experiencing declining production in North America and elsewhere. When not produced from natural gas, hydrogen still needs another source of energy to create it, also at a loss during the process. This has led to hydrogen being regarded as a “carrier” of energy rather than a “source”.
There have been alarming predictions that the world would run out of oil in the early 21st century. Although technology has made oil extraction more efficient, the world is having to struggle to provide oil by using increasingly costly and less productive methods such as deep sea drilling, and developing environmentally sensitive areas such as the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The world’s population continues to grow, increasing the consumption of energy. The per capita (每人) energy consumption of China, India and other developing nations continues to increase as the people living in these countries adopt more energy intensive lifestyles. At present a small part of the world’s population consumes a large part of its resources, with the United States and its population of 300 million people consuming far more oil than China with its population of 1.3 billion people.
Efficiency mechanisms such as Negawatt power can encourage significantly more effective use of current generating capacity. It is a term used to describe the trading of increased efficiency, using consumption efficiency to increase available market supply rather than by increasing plant generation capacity. As such, it is a demand-side as opposed to a supply-side measure.
- We can learn from the first paragraph that __________.
A) hydrogen fuel can hardly be a significant alternative to fossil fuel
B) nuclear power is not totally safe at present
C) hydroelectricity is clean energy, without any environmental problems
D) the production of hydrogen fuel in North America is declining - Hydrogen is now considered a “carrier” of energy because __________.
A) it can be easily turned into other forms of energy
B) during the process of hydrogen production some energy is lost
C) the energy in hydrogen is transformed from other forms of energy
D) it carries powerful energy - The extraction of oil from deep sea is __________.
A) environmentally less sensitive
B) more efficient than that on the land
C) as productive as that on the land
D) one of the ways out of the insufficient oil supplies - What is the main point of the second paragraph?
A) The growing population and more energy being consumed in some developing countries are big pressures on oil supplies.
B) The extraction of oil on land is not sufficient for world’s need for oil.
C) The USA consumes too much energy.
D) The warning that the world will run out oil in the near future is not groundless. - Negawatt power is adopted __________.
A) to increase energy generating capacity
B) to encourage the energy-use efficiency
C) to increase energy generating efficiency
D) to encourage more energy trading
Section B
A) awkward
B) merely
C) desirable
D) primarily
E) relevant
F) self-reliant
G) sympathetic
H) illuminated
I) subsequent
J) manual
- When the little girl was two years old her mother died in a traffic accident .And two years later her father died. She was so unfortunate that everybody felt______over what had happened to her.
- Making this kind of elaborate model requires_______skill and craftsmanship
- Mr. Lu Xun______majored in medicine in Japan, but later he switched to literature.
- I really don’t know what to do in such a(n)_______situation.
- You needn’t worry about it. It is______a matter of time.
- It is highly ________that a new president be appointed to this college.
- This case is not really______. Let’s move on to the next chapter to find more corresponding cases.
- Those explosions must have been______to our departure, because we didn’t hear anything.
19 The young man is highly ________for he has successfully established a small but profitable company of his own. - The room was so poorly ________by candles that the surgeon found it impossible to operate on the patient.
GJDAB CEIFH
Vocabulary and Structure
Section A
- The newly founded system would let the people have the rights to elect or ___________ their leaders.
A) employ
B) dismiss
C) motivate
D) scorn - She was ____________ always late for work so that her boss finally decided to lay her off.
A) vigorously
B) ultimately
C) practically
D) timely - Chinese were the first to ___________ paper from wood in the history of human civilization.
A) cultivate
B) stimulate
C) illuminate
D) manufacture - My French isn’t _____________ interpreting the President’s speech into Chinese.
A) up to
B) up against
C) up to date
D) in the least - Millions of national heroes have ___________ their lives for the freedom and happiness of the people.
A) devoted
B) dedicated
C) sacrificed
D) involved - He ___________ the girls who try to get in touch with him because he thinks they are only worshipping his money.
A) blames
B) charges
C) accuses
D) scorns - Have you ever thought about the program carefully? Do you think it is _____________?
A) workable
B) intrusive
C) manual
D) subsequent - Our English teacher places great emphasis ____________ the importance of speaking English every day.
A) in
B) to
C) at
D) on - She insists her success is due to ____________ rather than brilliance.
A) civilization
B) motivation
C) multiplication
D) stimulation - _____________ so many students absent, the teacher decided to postpone the meeting until the next day.
A) With
B) Because
C) As
D) Since
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