Mybatis之事务管理
简介
Mybatis的事务管理分为两种JdbcTransaction,ManagedTransaction。其中JdbcTransaction仅仅是对数据库连接Connection的一个包装、内部管理数据库事务还是调用Connection的提交、回滚等事务操作方法。ManagedTransaction更直接、什么也没有做。直接将事务交给外部容器管理。
Mybatis事务管理相关类结构图
类概览:
类UML图(典型的简单工厂模式来创建Transaction):
- Transaction 封装事务管理方法的接口
- TransactionFactory 抽象事务工厂生产方法
- JdbcTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产JdbcTransaction的工厂类
- ManagedTransactionFactory实现TransactionFactory、用于生产ManagedTransaction的工厂类
- JdbcTransaction实现Transaction、只是对事务进行了一层包装、实际调用数据库连接Connection的事务管理方法
- ManagedTransaction 实现Transaction没有对数据库连接做任何事务处理、交由外部容器管理
源码事务
事务配置
Mybatis中关于事务的配置是通过<transaction type="xx"/>
来指定的。配置如下:
<environments default="development"><environment id="development"><transactionManager type="JDBC"/><dataSource type="POOLED"><property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/><property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/><property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/><property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/></dataSource></environment></environments>
- type为”JDBC”时、使用JdbcTransaction管理事务。
type为”managed”时、使用ManagedTransaction管理事务(也就是交由外部容器管理)
Mybatis深入之初始化过程 中知道配置文件如何解析的、其中关于事务方面的解析:
private void environmentsElement(XNode context) throws Exception {//只关注事务部分...TransactionFactory txFactory = transactionManagerElement(child.evalNode("transactionManager"));...}
private TransactionFactory transactionManagerElement(XNode context) throws Exception {if (context != null) {String type = context.getStringAttribute("type");Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();TransactionFactory factory = (TransactionFactory) resolveClass(type).newInstance();factory.setProperties(props);return factory;}throw new BuilderException("Environment declaration requires a TransactionFactory.");}
typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("JDBC", JdbcTransactionFactory.class);typeAliasRegistry.registerAlias("MANAGED", ManagedTransactionFactory.class);
- 重点在于根据type类型判断实例化何种TransactionFactory
- 前面已经知道Mybatis两种事务配置的方式、这里使用的jdbc类型的事务
- 上一篇分析DataSource实例化过程中有一段是关于根据DataSource的type来获取何种Factory的、这里原理同样
- 通过TypeAliasRegistry根据type=’JDBC’来获取TransactionFactory实现类JdbcTransactionFactory
关键在于JdbcTransactionFactory通过newInstance()使用无参构造函数时做了什么工作
public class JdbcTransactionFactory implements TransactionFactory {public void setProperties(Properties props) {}public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {return new JdbcTransaction(conn);}public Transaction newTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {return new JdbcTransaction(ds, level, autoCommit);}
}
- JdbcTransactionFactory默认无参构造方法被调用
- setProperties没有做任何实质性处理
- 对比ManagedTransactionFactory不再贴代码
下面就是获取具有事务特性的数据库连接了
JdbcTransaction:
public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {return new JdbcTransaction(conn);}
ManagedTransaction:
public Transaction newTransaction(Connection conn) {return new ManagedTransaction(conn, closeConnection);}
- 两者都是通过Connection来创建具体的实例
JdbcTransaction:
public class JdbcTransaction implements Transaction {private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JdbcTransaction.class);protected Connection connection;protected DataSource dataSource;protected TransactionIsolationLevel level;protected boolean autoCommmit;public JdbcTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel desiredLevel, boolean desiredAutoCommit) {dataSource = ds;level = desiredLevel;autoCommmit = desiredAutoCommit;}public JdbcTransaction(Connection connection) {this.connection = connection;}public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {if (connection == null) {openConnection();}return connection;}public void commit() throws SQLException {if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Committing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");}connection.commit();}}public void rollback() throws SQLException {if (connection != null && !connection.getAutoCommit()) {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Rolling back JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");}connection.rollback();}}public void close() throws SQLException {if (connection != null) {resetAutoCommit();if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");}connection.close();}}protected void setDesiredAutoCommit(boolean desiredAutoCommit) {try {if (connection.getAutoCommit() != desiredAutoCommit) {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Setting autocommit to " + desiredAutoCommit + " on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");}connection.setAutoCommit(desiredAutoCommit);}} catch (SQLException e) {// Only a very poorly implemented driver would fail here,// and there's not much we can do about that.throw new TransactionException("Error configuring AutoCommit. "+ "Your driver may not support getAutoCommit() or setAutoCommit(). "+ "Requested setting: " + desiredAutoCommit + ". Cause: " + e, e);}}protected void resetAutoCommit() {try {if (!connection.getAutoCommit()) {// MyBatis does not call commit/rollback on a connection if just selects were performed.// Some databases start transactions with select statements// and they mandate a commit/rollback before closing the connection.// A workaround is setting the autocommit to true before closing the connection.// Sybase throws an exception here.if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [" + connection + "]");}connection.setAutoCommit(true);}} catch (SQLException e) {log.debug("Error resetting autocommit to true "+ "before closing the connection. Cause: " + e);}}protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");}connection = dataSource.getConnection();if (level != null) {connection.setTransactionIsolation(level.getLevel());}setDesiredAutoCommit(autoCommmit);}}
- 从源码中可知、JdbcTransaction如何管理事务的、如前面所说调用DataSource事务操作方法。
- 并且对select不进行事务控制
- 当使用DataSource创建数据库连接时、数据库的事务隔离级别使用DataSource默认的事务隔离级别
- 如需指定事务的隔离级别、必须手动创建JdbcTransaction(调用另一个构造函数)
- 关于事务隔离级别会在补充中有
ManagedTransaction:
public class ManagedTransaction implements Transaction {private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ManagedTransaction.class);private DataSource dataSource;private TransactionIsolationLevel level;private Connection connection;private boolean closeConnection;public ManagedTransaction(Connection connection, boolean closeConnection) {this.connection = connection;this.closeConnection = closeConnection;}public ManagedTransaction(DataSource ds, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean closeConnection) {this.dataSource = ds;this.level = level;this.closeConnection = closeConnection;}public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {if (this.connection == null) {openConnection();}return this.connection;}public void commit() throws SQLException {// Does nothing}public void rollback() throws SQLException {// Does nothing}public void close() throws SQLException {if (this.closeConnection && this.connection != null) {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Closing JDBC Connection [" + this.connection + "]");}this.connection.close();}}protected void openConnection() throws SQLException {if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {log.debug("Opening JDBC Connection");}this.connection = this.dataSource.getConnection();if (this.level != null) {this.connection.setTransactionIsolation(this.level.getLevel());}}}
- 重点看一下
commit()
rollback()
方法,没有方法体。验证前面其关于事务的管理方式
到这里事务暂时告一段落、一般在使用时会与spring结合、将数据库连接、事务管理都交由spring管理。
补充
数据库隔离级别:
先对不同隔离级别涉及到的名词解释:
• 脏读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了已经被 T2 更新但还没有被提交的字段. 之后, 若 T2 回滚, T1读取的内容就是临时且无效的.
• 不可重复读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 更新了该字段. 之后, T1再次读取同一个字段, 值就不同了.
• 幻读: 对于两个事物 T1, T2, T1 从一个表中读取了一个字段, 然后 T2 在该表中插入了一些新的行. 之后, 如果 T1 再次读取同一个表, 就会多出几
具体的隔离级别定义:
READ UNCOMMITTED(读未提交数据) 允许事务读取未被其他事务提交的变更,脏读、不可重复读和幻读的问题都会出现 READ COMMITED(读已提交数据) 只允许事务读取已经被其他事务提交的变更,可以避免脏读,但不可重复读和幻读问题仍然会出现 REPEATABLE READ(可重复读) 确保事务可以多次从一个字段中读取相同的值,在这个事务持续期间,禁止其他事务对这个字段进行更新,可以避免脏读和不可重复读,但幻读的问题依然存在 SERIALIZABLE(串行化) 确保事务可以从一个表中读取相同的行,在这个事务持续期间,禁止其他事务对该表执行插入、更新和删除操作,所有并发问题都可以避免,但性能十分低 Oracle 支持的 2 种事务隔离级别:READ COMMITED, SERIALIZABLE. Oracle 默认的事务隔离级别为: READ COMMITED
Mysql 支持 4 中事务隔离级别. Mysql 默认的事务隔离级别为: REPEATABLE READ
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