作者

QQ群：852283276
微信：arm80x86
微信公众号：青儿创客基地
B站：主页 https://space.bilibili.com/208826118

参考

官方文档
官方Github
Github raspberrypi/documentation
树莓派(Raspberry pi) 使用Pi Imager安装烧录操作系统
树莓派配置wifi的几种方法.md
通过SD卡为树莓派配置WIFI
树莓派 Raspberry Pi 更换国内源
极客DIY，树莓派远程开发51单片机~
树莓派仪表盘 Pi Dashboard v1.1 更新
树莓派搭建openbmc
树莓派的监控系统 RPi-Monitor
树莓派中搭建ELK监控平台（可打造物联网监控平台、魔镜系统）
树莓派防火墙配置
树莓派-时区设置
树莓派自动校准时间

官方文档既可以在官网查看，也可以在Github上看，我觉得Github上看更方便。

硬件

参考raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-reduced-schematics.pdf，40PIN排针信号定义，包括SPI和Uart接口，3V3在板子上的焊盘是正方形的，
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树莓派zero-2-w尺寸参考文档raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-mechanical-drawing.pdf，
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安装

下载操作系统，官网提供三种类型，其中lite最小，不带桌面，下载速度也快，full的下载速度很慢，很容易下载失败。
烧录固件，下载Raspberry Pi Imager。

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SSH

由于使用的是Lite系统，没有桌面，只能通过SSH，在SD的boot分区新建一个文件名为ssh的文件，用网线把树莓派连接到路由器LAN口，扫描IP，默认的用户名是pi，默认的密码是raspberry，
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WIFI

官方配置网络的文档
树莓派Pi Zero W无线WIFI终端配置
电脑连接树莓派Zero W

在树莓派3B上，安装Lite系统，选用SD连接最方便，在boot分区添加文件wpa_supplicant.conf，

ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
network={ssid="Redmi K30 Pro"psk="zhuce1994"
}

如果设备支持mDNS，用下面命令查看树莓派IP，或者扫描即可，

$ ping raspberrypi.local

防火墙

$ sudo apt install ufw
$ sudo ufw enable
$ sudo ufw disable
$ sudo ufw status
# 使能SSH
$ sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
$ sudo ufw delete allow 22/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow 10000:11000/tcp
$ sudo ufw delete allow 10000:11000/tcp
$ sudo ufw allow from 192.168.2.127
$ sudo ufw delete allow from 192.168.2.127
# NTP
$ sudo ufw allow from any to any port 123 proto udp

日期与时区

树莓派日期正确，但是时间差8个小时，

sudo raspi-config
# Localisation Options > Timezone > Asia > Shanghai

设置时间，

$ sudo date --s="2022-05-13 10:30:00"

NTP

$ sudo apt install ntp
$ sntp --version
sntp 4.2.8p15@1.3728-o Wed Sep 23 11:46:38 UTC 2020 (1)
$ sudo systemctl start ntp
$ sudo systemctl enable ntp# /etc/ntp.conf
server ntp.fudan.edu.cn iburst perfer 
server time.asia.apple.com iburst 
server asia.pool.ntp.org iburst 
server ntp.nict.jp iburst 
server time.nist.gov iburst# 报这个错好像不影响使用 kernel reports TIME_ERROR: 0x41: Clock Unsynchronized
$ sudo systemctl status ntp
● ntp.service - Network Time ServiceLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/ntp.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2022-05-13 10:22:24 CST; 4min 26s agoDocs: man:ntpd(8)Process: 17250 ExecStart=/usr/lib/ntp/ntp-systemd-wrapper (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 17256 (ntpd)Tasks: 2 (limit: 409)CPU: 196msCGroup: /system.slice/ntp.service└─17256 /usr/sbin/ntpd -p /var/run/ntpd.pid -g -u 115:124May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen and drop on 0 v6wildcard [::]:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen and drop on 1 v4wildcard 0.0.0.0:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen normally on 2 lo 127.0.0.1:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen normally on 3 wlan0 192.168.2.121:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen normally on 4 lo [::1]:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listen normally on 5 wlan0 [fe80::27ff:f899:cd22:c651%2]:123
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi systemd[1]: Started Network Time Service.
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: Listening on routing socket on fd #22 for interface updates
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: kernel reports TIME_ERROR: 0x41: Clock Unsynchronized
May 13 10:22:24 raspberrypi ntpd[17256]: kernel reports TIME_ERROR: 0x41: Clock Unsynchronized
# 配置防火墙端口
$ sudo ufw allow 123/udp
Rules updated
Rules updated (v6)
# 使用NTP更新时间
$ sudo ntpd -s -d
# System clock synchronized: yes
$ timedatectlLocal time: Fri 2022-05-13 10:29:38 CSTUniversal time: Fri 2022-05-13 02:29:38 UTCRTC time: n/aTime zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
System clock synchronized: yesNTP service: n/aRTC in local TZ: no

或，

sudo apt-get install ntpdate
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
sudo ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

换源

阿里源，注意你的操作系统版本，实测截至20210104，阿里源不能用，换清华的就可以了。

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ bullseye main non-free contribdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contribdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/raspbian/raspbian/ wheezy main non-free contrib
# 清华源
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspbian/raspbian/ buster main non-free contrib
$ sudo apt update

内核

树莓派内核都在官方Github上，raspberrypi/linux。

Pi Zero 2 W

Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W硬件资料
串口配置
学习笔记-Raspberry Pi Zero W-4：串口（UART）的配置和使用

编辑sudo nano /boot/config.txt，

enable_uart=1

编辑sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt，添加后成砖头了，

earlycon=uart8250,mmio32,0x20215040

默认的用户名是pi，默认的密码是raspberry，开始配置sudo raspi-config，

System Options > Wireless LAN手动输入wifi名和密码
Interface Options使能SSH/SPI/I2C
Localisation Options > WLAN Country选CN

重启后，ifconfig查看无线网卡IP，随后可以用SSH登录，后面就不需要串口了，

pi@raspberrypi:~$ ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)RX packets 22  bytes 2368 (2.3 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 22  bytes 2368 (2.3 KiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.2.152  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.2.255inet6 fe80::2c7:ddb0:caef:9942  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether e4:5f:01:4a:01:b7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 11  bytes 1586 (1.5 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 47  bytes 6819 (6.6 KiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

关闭串口终端，用作通信，

Start raspi-config: sudo raspi-config.
Select option 3 - Interface Options.
Select option P6 - Serial Port.
At the prompt Would you like a login shell to be accessible over serial? answer ‘No’
At the prompt Would you like the serial port hardware to be enabled? answer ‘Yes’
Exit raspi-config and reboot the Pi for changes to take effect.