Linux下达梦误删除文件后恢复步骤

- 数据文件恢复
- - 1.测试环境准备
  - 2.删除数据文件
  - 3.恢复步骤
  - 4.使用限制
  - 5.官方资料
- redo日志恢复
- - 1. 删除redo日志
  - 2.启动数据库
  - 3.查看建库参数
  - 4.初始化新实例
  - 5.拷贝redo文件
  - 6.修改db_magic值
  - 7.启动数据库
  - 8.错误示范
  - 9.迁移数据
- 官方社区

数据文件恢复

1.测试环境准备

1.1准备好测试环境，创建表空间data_test和用户user_test。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA@localhost:5238服务器[localhost:5238]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间 : 1.408(ms)
disql V8
SQL> create tablespace data_test datafile 'data_test01.dbf' size 128;
操作已执行
已用时间: 14.355(毫秒). 执行号:800.
SQL> alter tablespace data_test add datafile 'data_test02.dbf' size 128;
操作已执行
已用时间: 7.214(毫秒). 执行号:801.
SQL> create user user_test IDENTIFIED BY "dameng123" default tablespace data_test;
操作已执行
已用时间: 4.485(毫秒). 执行号:802.
SQL> grant dba to user_test;
操作已执行
已用时间: 2.397(毫秒). 执行号:803.

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1.2创建表tab01并插入测试数据。

SQL> create table user_test.tab01 (id int,name varchar(10));
操作已执行
已用时间: 9.242(毫秒). 执行号:1000.
SQL> begin
for i in 1..10000 LOOP
insert into user_test.tab01 values(i,'test'||i);
end loop;
commit;
end;2   3   4   5   6   
7   /
DMSQL 过程已成功完成
已用时间: 52.839(毫秒). 执行号:1001.
SQL> commit;
操作已执行
已用时间: 0.311(毫秒). 执行号:1002.

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2.删除数据文件

手动删除数据文件，模拟误删除的情况。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ls /dmdata/DMOA/
bak      data_test01.dbf  dm.ctl  dminit20221017195519.log  DMOA02.log         HMAIN     rep_conflict.log  sqllog.ini  TEMP.DBF
ctl_bak  data_test02.dbf  dm.ini  DMOA01.log                dm_service.prikey  MAIN.DBF  ROLL.DBF          SYSTEM.DBF  trace
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ rm -rf /dmdata/DMOA/data_test02.dbf 
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ps -ef | grep dms
dmdba       2241    1911  0 20:00 pts/0    00:00:01 ./dmserver /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini
dmdba       2406    2110  0 20:17 pts/1    00:00:00 grep dms

3.恢复步骤

3.1 检查数据文件

在数据库运行中删除数据文件后，在数据库未进行数据文件前，仍可正常查询表tab01。在手动调用存储过程检查数据文件后，再次查询表tab01时出错，提示表空间处于脱机状态。

--手动检查数据文件
SP_FILE_SYS_CHECK();

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3.2 表空间恢复准备

--执行过程进行恢复前的准备，参数为表空间名。
SQL> SP_TABLESPACE_PREPARE_RECOVER('DATA_TEST');
DMSQL 过程已成功完成
已用时间: 2.835(毫秒). 执行号:1300.

3.3 数据文件恢复

这里只介绍误删除文件进程还在的恢复方式，如果删除文件进程已不存在需要借助第三方工具恢复。

--查看删除的文件是否还在
lsof | grep deleted

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--查看被删除的文件副本
ls -l /proc/1336/fd

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恢复使用DM服务的进程号和文件副本的标识号，如下所示，2241是DM服务进程号，47是文件副本标识号。

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将文件副本拷贝至源目录即可。

3.4 表空间恢复

--执行过程进行恢复，参数为表空间名。
SQL> SP_TABLESPACE_RECOVER('DATA_TEST');
DMSQL 过程已成功完成
已用时间: 5.933(毫秒). 执行号:1400.

3.5 查询数据

执行表空间恢复后，查询数据进行验证。

在这里插入图片描述

4.使用限制

操作系统是：linux平台下系统。
被删除的是用户数据文件，而不是ROLL.DBF、TEMP.DBF或SYSTEM.DBF文件。
数据文件删除后，不要重启数据库服务，不要重启系统，以免进程关闭后文件恢复的难度增加。

5.官方资料

在官方手册《DM8系统管理员手册.pdf》中，存在相关介绍。
在这里插入图片描述

redo日志恢复

1. 删除redo日志

找到实例目录，删除默认创建的2个redo日志文件。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ls /dmdata/DMOA/
bak/                      data_test02.dbf           dminit20221017195519.log  dm_service.prikey         rep_conflict.log          SYSTEM.DBF
ctl_bak/                  dm.ctl                    DMOA01.log                HMAIN/                    ROLL.DBF                  TEMP.DBF
data_test01.dbf           dm.ini                    DMOA02.log                MAIN.DBF                  sqllog.ini                trace/
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ rm /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log 
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ rm /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log 
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ls /dmdata/DMOA/
bak      data_test01.dbf  dm.ctl  dminit20221017195519.log  HMAIN     rep_conflict.log  sqllog.ini  TEMP.DBF
ctl_bak  data_test02.dbf  dm.ini  dm_service.prikey         MAIN.DBF  ROLL.DBF          SYSTEM.DBF  trace

2.启动数据库

前台启动数据库，会提示/dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log文件不存在，无法启动。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmserver /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini 
file dm.key not found, use default license!
version info: develop
DM Database Server 64 V8 03134283890-20220509-160333-10045 startup...
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
/dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log not exist, can not startup

3.查看建库参数

达梦数据库在初始化实例时，会在实例目录下保存建库的参数信息，文件名=dminit+时间字符串。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ls /dmdata/DMOA/dminit20221017195519.log 
/dmdata/DMOA/dminit20221017195519.log
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ cat /dmdata/DMOA/dminit20221017195519.log
start init database: V8, 2022-10-17 19:55:19
init params:db path: /dmdata/DMOAdb name: DMOAauto overwrite: 0page size: 8192extent size: 16char_fix_storage: 0sql_log_forbid: 0secur_flag: 2time zone: +08:00string case sensitive: 1charset: 0length in char: 0page check mode: 0page check algorithm id: 0priv flag: 0rlog enc flag: 0use new hash: 1blank pad mode: 0sec priv mode: 0huge with delta: 1rlog gen for huge: 0pseg_mgr_flag: 0log file path: /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.loglog file path: /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.logcreate ini file /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini success.create rlog file /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log success.create rlog file /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log success.SYSTEM file : /dmdata/DMOA/SYSTEM.DBFMAIN file : /dmdata/DMOA/MAIN.DBFROLL file : /dmdata/DMOA/ROLL.DBFcreate dm database success. 2022-10-17 19:55:22

4.初始化新实例

初始化新实例的目的是，用新创建的redo日志文件替代被删除的redo日志文件。初始化的新实例的建库参数必须与旧实例一致，这也是第3步操作的目的。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ #被删除的实例是默认创建的，所以未指定任何参数，实际操作根据情况来。
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dminit path=/dmdata/DMTEST
initdb V8
db version: 0x7000c
file dm.key not found, use default license!
License will expire on 2023-05-09
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLLlog file path: /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG01.loglog file path: /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG02.logwrite to dir [/dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG].
create dm database success. 2022-10-18 16:20:00

5.拷贝redo文件

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ #注意文件名和权限
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ cp /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ cp /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG02.log /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log

6.修改db_magic值

使用dmmdf工具修改redo文件的db_magic值。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmmdf type=2 file=/dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log
dmmdf V8
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7007
3 chksum = 1823197771
4 sta = 1
5 n_magic = 7
6 db_magic = 2046022852
7 len = 268435456
8 free = 11474432
9 clsn = 81039
10 clsn_fil = 0
11 clsn_off = 11474432
12 pemnt_magic = 1854731134
13 fil_id = 0
15 next_seq = 3975
16 g_next_seq = 3975
17 arch_lsn = 0
18 arch_seq = 0
19 dbversion = 0x7000c
20 min_exec_version = V8.1.1.1
21 min_dct_version  = 4
22 p_db_magic = 0
23 n_apply_ep = 0
24 apply_info_lsn = 0pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
25 recv_p_db_magic = 0
26 recv_n_apply_ep = 0recv_pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)recv_apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
27 l_term_id = 0
28 term_id = 0
29 c_seqno = 3974
30 c_lsn = 81039
**********************************************************
You can only reset sta(4) or db_magic (6) or clsn (9) or clsn_fil(10) or clsn_off(11) or pemnt_magic(12) or fil_id(13) or next_seq(15) or g_next_seq(16) or p_db_magic(22) or n_apply_ep(23).
Please input the num which one you want to change, q to quit: 6
Input the new value: 1010653440
**********************************************************
1 sig = DMRLOG
2 ver = 7007
3 chksum = 694503311
4 sta = 1
5 n_magic = 7
6 db_magic = 1010653440
7 len = 268435456
8 free = 11474432
9 clsn = 81039
10 clsn_fil = 0
11 clsn_off = 11474432
12 pemnt_magic = 1854731134
13 fil_id = 0
15 next_seq = 3975
16 g_next_seq = 3975
17 arch_lsn = 0
18 arch_seq = 0
19 dbversion = 0x7000c
20 min_exec_version = V8.1.1.1
21 min_dct_version  = 4
22 p_db_magic = 0
23 n_apply_ep = 0
24 apply_info_lsn = 0pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
25 recv_p_db_magic = 0
26 recv_n_apply_ep = 0recv_pkg_seq_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)recv_apply_lsn_arr: (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
27 l_term_id = 0
28 term_id = 0
29 c_seqno = 3974
30 c_lsn = 81039
**********************************************************
Do you want to quit and save the change to file (y/n): y
Save to file success!

7.启动数据库

修改db_magic后，立即启动数据库。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmserver /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini
file dm.key not found, use default license!
version info: develop
DM Database Server 64 V8 03134283890-20220509-160333-10045 startup...
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
License will expire on 2023-05-09
file lsn: 0
ndct db load finished
ndct second level fill fast pool finished
ndct third level fill fast pool finished
ndct second level fill fast pool finished
ndct third level fill fast pool finished
ndct fill fast pool finished
iid page's trxid[10057]
NEXT TRX ID = 10058
pseg_collect_mgr_items, total collect 0 active_trxs, 0 cmt_trxs, 0 pre_cmt_trxs, 0 to_release_trxs, 0 active_pages, 0 cmt_pages, 0 pre_cmt_pages, 0 to_release_pages, 0 mgr pages, 0 mgr recs!
iid page's trxid[11059]
NEXT TRX ID = 12061.
total 0 active crash trx, pseg_crash_trx_rollback sys_only(0) begin ...
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end, total 0 active crash trx, include 0 empty_trxs, 0 empty_pages which only need to delete mgr recs.
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end
pseg recv finished
nsvr_startup end.
aud sys init success.
aud rt sys init success.
systables desc init success.
ndct_db_load_info success.
nsvr_process_before_open begin.
nsvr_process_before_open success.
total 0 active crash trx, pseg_crash_trx_rollback sys_only(0) begin ...
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end, total 0 active crash trx, include 0 empty_trxs, 0 empty_pages which only need to delete mgr recs.
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end
SYSTEM IS READY.

数据库成功启动后，登录数据库检查是否正常。

[root@localhost bin]# ./disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA:5238服务器[LOCALHOST:5238]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间 : 1.055(ms)
disql V8
SQL> select * from v$rlogfile;行号     GROUP_ID    FILE_ID     PATH                    CLIENT_PATH CREATE_TIME                RLOG_SIZE            MIN_EXEC_VER MIN_DCT_VER
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------- ----------- -------------------------- -------------------- ------------ -----------
1          2           0           /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log DMOA01.log  2022-10-17 19:55:22.000000 268435456            V8.1.1.1     4
2          2           1           /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log DMOA02.log  2022-10-17 19:55:22.000000 268435456            V8.1.1.1     4已用时间: 1.179(毫秒). 执行号:700.

8.错误示范

上面说到修改修改redo文件的db_magic后才能启动数据库。那么测试下不修改db_magic值，是否能启动数据库呢？

重新拷贝redo文件后，立即启动数据库。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ #重新覆盖redo日志文件
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ cp /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG01.log /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ cp /dmdata/DMTEST/DAMENG/DAMENG02.log /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log
[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmserver /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini
file dm.key not found, use default license!
version info: develop
DM Database Server 64 V8 03134283890-20220509-160333-10045 startup...
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
License will expire on 2023-05-09
file lsn: 0
ndct db load finished
ndct second level fill fast pool finished
ndct third level fill fast pool finished
ndct second level fill fast pool finished
ndct third level fill fast pool finished
ndct fill fast pool finished
iid page's trxid[21139]
NEXT TRX ID = 21140
pseg_collect_mgr_items, total collect 0 active_trxs, 0 cmt_trxs, 0 pre_cmt_trxs, 0 to_release_trxs, 0 active_pages, 0 cmt_pages, 0 pre_cmt_pages, 0 to_release_pages, 0 mgr pages, 0 mgr recs!
iid page's trxid[22141]
NEXT TRX ID = 23143.
total 0 active crash trx, pseg_crash_trx_rollback sys_only(0) begin ...
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end, total 0 active crash trx, include 0 empty_trxs, 0 empty_pages which only need to delete mgr recs.
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end
pseg recv finished
nsvr_startup end.
aud sys init success.
aud rt sys init success.
trx: 23272 purged 1 pages
trx: 23274 purged 1 pages
trx: 23280 purged 1 pages
trx: 23285 purged 1 pages
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trx: 23625 purged 18 pages
systables desc init success.
ndct_db_load_info success.
nsvr_process_before_open begin.
nsvr_process_before_open success.
SYSTEM IS READY.
total 0 active crash trx, pseg_crash_trx_rollback sys_only(0) begin ...
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end, total 0 active crash trx, include 0 empty_trxs, 0 empty_pages which only need to delete mgr recs.
pseg_crash_trx_rollback end

好似数据库也能正常启动，再登录数据库试试。

[root@localhost bin]# ./disql SYSDBA/SYSDBA:5238服务器[LOCALHOST:5238]:处于普通打开状态
登录使用时间 : 1.177(ms)
disql V8
SQL> select * from v$rlogfile;行号     GROUP_ID    FILE_ID     PATH                    CLIENT_PATH CREATE_TIME                RLOG_SIZE            MIN_EXEC_VER MIN_DCT_VER
---------- ----------- ----------- ----------------------- ----------- -------------------------- -------------------- ------------ -----------
1          2           0           /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log DMOA01.log  2022-10-17 19:55:22.000000 268435456            V8.1.1.1     4
2          2           1           /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA02.log DMOA02.log  2022-10-17 19:55:22.000000 268435456            V8.1.1.1     4已用时间: 1.439(毫秒). 执行号:37100.
SQL> create table test(c1 int);
操作已执行
已用时间: 2.741(毫秒). 执行号:37101.
SQL> insert into test values(1);
影响行数 1已用时间: 0.833(毫秒). 执行号:37102.
SQL> commit;
操作已执行
已用时间: 1.044(毫秒). 执行号:37103.

登录数据库查询数据和插入数据都没有问题，是否不修改db_magic也行呢？

正当疑惑时，关闭数据库后，再次启动发现启动出错了，提示logfile和dbfile文件的db_magic不一致。

[dmdba@localhost bin]$ ./dmserver /dmdata/DMOA/dm.ini
file dm.key not found, use default license!
version info: develop
DM Database Server 64 V8 03134283890-20220509-160333-10045 startup...
Normal of FAST
Normal of DEFAULT
Normal of RECYCLE
Normal of KEEP
Normal of ROLL
Database mode = 0, oguid = 0
License will expire on 2023-05-09
rfil grp log file error in (db_magic, permanent_magic), log file /dmdata/DMOA/DMOA01.log is (2046022852, 2050908630), dbfile is(1010653440, 2050908630).
浮点数例外 (核心已转储)

其实在多次尝试后，发现有时能启动，有时会卡在某一环节。
看来还是需要修改redo的db_magic后，再启动数据库。