win安装SSH

教程适用于:

• Windows Server 2022,
• Windows Server 2019,
• Windows 10 (build 1809 and later)

安装

使用Windows设置安装

打开设置安装服务, 依次是: 设置 -> 应用 -> 应用和功能 ->可选功能 -> 添加功能 -> openssh 服务器 -> 安装
如下图所示:

使用 PowerShell 安装

Get-WindowsCapability -Online | Where-Object Name -like 'OpenSSH*'

这应该返回以下产出如果不是已经安装：

Name  : OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresentName  : OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0
State : NotPresent

分别安装 服务器 和 客户端:

# Install the OpenSSH Client
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0# Install the OpenSSH Server
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0

应该会输出:

Path          :
Online        : True
RestartNeeded : False

启动和配置

使用 管理员权限 打开 PowerShell:

# Start the sshd service
Start-Service sshd# OPTIONAL but recommended:
Set-Service -Name sshd -StartupType 'Automatic'# Confirm the Firewall rule is configured. It should be created automatically by setup. Run the following to verify
if (!(Get-NetFirewallRule -Name "OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Select-Object Name, Enabled)) {Write-Output "Firewall Rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' does not exist, creating it..."New-NetFirewallRule -Name 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' -DisplayName 'OpenSSH Server (sshd)' -Enabled True -Direction Inbound -Protocol TCP -Action Allow -LocalPort 22
} else {Write-Output "Firewall rule 'OpenSSH-Server-In-TCP' has been created and exists."
}

连接服务器

ssh username@servername

一旦连接成功, 将会得到:

The authenticity of host 'servername (10.00.00.001)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:(<a large string>).
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

配置

OpenSSH 具有服务器和客户端设置的配置文件。 OpenSSH 是开源的，从 Windows Server 2019 和 Windows 10（内部版本 1809）开始添加到 Windows Server 和 Windows Client 操作系统。因此，此处不再重复 OpenSSH 配置文件的文档。客户端配置文件可以在 ssh_config 手册页上找到，OpenSSH 服务器配置文件可以在 sshd_config 手册页上找到。 Windows 的 OpenSSH 服务器配置中详细介绍了 Windows 特定的 OpenSSH 服务器配置。

在 Windows 中，OpenSSH 客户端 (ssh) 按以下顺序从配置文件中读取配置数据：

• 通过使用 -F 参数启动 ssh.exe，指定配置文件的路径和该文件中的条目名称;
• %userprofile%\.ssh\config 中的用户配置文件;
• %programdata%\ssh\ssh_config 中的系统范围配置文件;

Open SSH Server (sshd) 默认从 %programdata%\ssh\sshd_config 读取配置数据，或者可以通过使用 -f 参数启动 sshd.exe 来指定不同的配置文件。如果该文件不存在，则 sshd 会在服务启动时使用默认配置生成一个。

卸载

通过设置

使用 Windows 设置卸载 OpenSSH：

 打开设置，然后转到应用程序 > 应用程序和功能。转到可选功能。在列表中，选择 OpenSSH 客户端或 OpenSSH 服务器。选择卸载。

通过 PowerShell

# Uninstall the OpenSSH Client
Remove-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0# Uninstall the OpenSSH Server
Remove-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Server~~~~0.0.1.0

reference

@online{IngridAtMicrosoft2022Feb,
author = {IngridAtMicrosoft},
title = {{Get started with OpenSSH}},
year = {2022},
month = {2},
date = {2022-02-13},
urldate = {2022-02-13},
language = {english},
hyphenation = {english},
note = {[Online; accessed 13. Feb. 2022]},
url = {https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/openssh/openssh_install_firstuse},
abstract = {{Installing OpenSSH Client and Server for Windows.}}
}

@online{BibEntry2022Feb,
title = {{SSH Server on Windows 10 – Virtualization Review}},
organization = {Virtualization Review},
year = {2022},
month = {2},
date = {2022-02-13},
urldate = {2022-02-13},
language = {english},
hyphenation = {english},
note = {[Online; accessed 13. Feb. 2022]},
url = {https://virtualizationreview.com/articles/2020/05/21/ssh-server-on-windows-10.aspx},
keywords = {virtualization review, magazine, microsoft, redmond, virtualization, resource consolidation, server, server virtualization, application, virtualisation, virtual, virtual infrastructure, virtual server, storage virtualization, virtualization management, virtual server backup, vmware review, emulations, hypervisor, hyper-v, paravirtual, parallel computing, resource consolidation, xml, rss},
abstract = {{Tom Fenton, delighted to discover that Microsoft now includes an SSH server with Windows 10 that unfortunately is not enabled or configured by default, shows you how to do so.}}
}