发送模板消息
1. 服务器配置
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解析：微信发送一个get请求，并携带4个参数：signature、timestamp、nonce、echostr。开发者需要验证该请求是否来源于微信，验证方法：
1）将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
2）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
3）开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信
1.1. 配置官方文档：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1421135319
1.2. sha1 加密：(Service)
/*** sha1加密* @param str* @return*/private static String sha1(String str) {try {//获取一个加密对象MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("sha1");//加密byte[] digest = md.digest(str.getBytes());//处理加密结果char[] chars = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();for (byte b : digest) {sb.append(chars[(b>>4) & 15]);sb.append(chars[b & 15]);}return sb.toString();} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}
1.3. 检验signature:(Service)
/*** 配置服务器时检验signature* @param timestamp* @param nonce* @param signature* @return*/private static final String TOKEN = "bpa";public static boolean check(String timestamp,String nonce,String signature) {//1. 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典排序String[] strs = new String[] {TOKEN, timestamp, nonce };Arrays.sort(strs);//2.将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密String str = strs[0] + strs[1] + strs[2];String mysig = sha1(str);//3.开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求源于微信return mysig.equals(signature);}
1.6. servlet的get方法：处理微信发送的数据(servlet)
//配置服务器protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {/*signature 微信加密签名，signature结合了开发者填写的token参数和请求中的timestamp参数、nonce参数。timestamp 时间戳nonce 随机数echostr 随机字符串 */String signature = request.getParameter("signature");String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");System.out.println(signature);System.out.println(timestamp);System.out.println(nonce);System.out.println(echostr);//验证请求来自微信if(WxService.check(timestamp,nonce,signature)){System.out.println("接入成功！");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();//原样返回echostr参数out.print(echostr);out.flush();out.close();}else{System.out.println("接入失败！");}}
1.7. 提交
2. 获取AccessToken
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解析：向微信发送一个get请求，微信返回一个携带AccessToken的JSON数据包
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请求地址：https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET
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请求携带的数据：
grant_type 获取access_token填写client_credential
appid 第三方用户唯一凭证
secret 第三方用户唯一凭证密钥，即appsecret
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正常情况下返回的JSON包：
{"access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN","expires_in":7200}![172119738]
2.1. 向指定地址发送get请求(util)
/*** 向指定的地址发送get请求* * @param url* @return*/
public static String get(String url) {try {URL urlObj = new URL(url);// 开链接URLConnection connection = urlObj.openConnection();InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();byte[] b = new byte[1024];int len;StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {sb.append(new String(b, 0, len));}return sb.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;
}
2.2. AccessToken类
package entity;
public class AccessToken {private String accessToken;private long expireTime;//过期时间public String getAccessToken() {return accessToken;}public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {this.accessToken = accessToken;}public long getExpireTime() {return expireTime;}public void setExpireTime(long expireTime) {this.expireTime = expireTime;}public AccessToken(String accessToken, String expireIn) {super();this.accessToken = accessToken;this.expireTime = System.currentTimeMillis()+Integer.parseInt(expireIn)*1000;}/*** 判断token是否过期* @return*/public boolean isExpire() {return System.currentTimeMillis() > expireTime; }
}2.3. 导json jar包
2.4. 获取AccessToken (service):
private static final String GET_TOKEN_URL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET";
private static final String APPID = "wx8820c0d640b18647";
private static final String APPSECRET = "2bb4d6c310395e17c47e75384ba80c43";
// 用于存储token
private static AccessToken at;
/*** 获取token*/
private static void getToken() {String url = GET_TOKEN_URL.replace("APPID", APPID).replace("APPSECRET", APPSECRET);String tokenStr = Util.get(url);// System.out.println(tokenStr);//获取到的是一个JSON数据// 将JSON数据的值取出来，封装到AccessToken类中JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(tokenStr);String token = jsonObject.getString("access_token");String expiresIn = jsonObject.getString("expires_in");// 创建token对象，并存起来at = new AccessToken(token, expiresIn);
}/*** 向外暴露的获取token的方法* * @return*/
public static String getAccessToken() {if (at == null || at.isExpire()) {getToken();}return at.getAccessToken();
}
3.获取用户信息
4. 发送模板消息
3.1.首先看一下模板消息运营规范
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main&id=mp1433751288
3.2.新增模板
3.3. 设置行业信息
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向指定地址发送一个携带json数据的post请求
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JSON数据格式
{"industry_id1":"1","industry_id2":"4" } -
向指定地址发送post请求(util)
/*** 向指定的地址发送一个post请求，带着json数据* * @param url* @param data* @return*/public static String post(String url, String data) {try {URL urlObj = new URL(url);URLConnection connection = urlObj.openConnection();// 要发送数据出去，必须设置为可发送数据状态connection.setDoOutput(true);OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();// 写出数据os.write(data.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")));os.close();// 获取输入流InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();byte[] b = new byte[1024];int len;StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {sb.append(new String(b, 0, len));}return sb.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;} -
设置行业信息以及获取行业信息
/*** 设置行业*/@Testpublic void setHy() {String at = WxService.getAccessToken();String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/api_set_industry?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";url = url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", at);String data = "{\r\n" + " \"industry_id1\":\"1\",\r\n" + " \"industry_id2\":\"4\"\r\n" + "}";String result = Util.post(url, data);System.out.println(result);}/*** 获取行业信息*/@Testpublic void getHy() {String at = WxService.getAccessToken();String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/template/get_industry?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";url = url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", at);String result = Util.get(url);System.out.println(result);}
3.4.发送模板消息：
3.4.1.解析
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向微信地址发送一个携带JSON数据的post请求
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN -
JSON数据格式
{"touser":"o8WIn57l7aU_km1WGlYo64CPB0rM","template_id":"fnuSPVY0RYEYxmKbmj9aL6VVU1A1LYKKUBZmaCZz9rY","url":"http://weixin.qq.com/download", "data":{"first": {"value":"您好!您投递的简历有新的反馈！","color":"#173177"},"company":{"value":"北京58同城信息技术有限公司","color":"#173177"},"time": {"value":"2014-06-24","color":"#173177"},"result": {"value":"产品经理","color":"#173177"},"remark":{"value":"反馈结果请和本公司人事联系！","color":"#173177"}} }
3.4.2.向指定地址发送post 请求
/*** 向指定的地址发送一个post请求，带着json数据* * @param url* @param data* @return*/public static String post(String url, String data) {try {URL urlObj = new URL(url);URLConnection connection = urlObj.openConnection();// 要发送数据出去，必须设置为可发送数据状态connection.setDoOutput(true);OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();// 写出数据os.write(data.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")));os.close();// 获取输入流InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();byte[] b = new byte[1024];int len;StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {sb.append(new String(b, 0, len));}return sb.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return null;}
3.4.2 封装该POST数据
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导jar包:应用@XStreamAlias(“data”)注解。
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将value、color属性封装成一个类 DataBase
public class DataBase {@XStreamAlias("value")private String value;@XStreamAlias("color")private String color;public String getValue() {return value;}public void setValue(String value) {this.value = value;}public String getColor() {return color;}public void setColor(String color) {this.color = color;}public DataBase(Map<String, String> map) {this.value = map.get("value");this.color = map.get("color");} } -
将first、company、time、result、remark封装成类，类继承DataBase
@XStreamAlias("first") public class First extends DataBase{public First(Map<String, String> map) {super(map);} }@XStreamAlias("company") public class Company extends DataBase{public Company(Map<String, String> map) {super(map);} }@XStreamAlias("time") public class Time extends DataBase{public Time(Map<String, String> map) {super(map);} }@XStreamAlias("result") public class Result extends DataBase{public Result(Map<String, String> map) {super(map);} }@XStreamAlias("remark") public class Remark extends DataBase{public Remark(Map<String, String> map) {super(map);} } -
封装data类：类属性为：First、Company、Time、Result、Remark类的对象
@XStreamAlias("data") public class Data {private First first;private Company company;private Time time;private Result result;private Remark remark;public First getFirst() {return first;}public void setFirst(First first) {this.first = first;}public Company getCompany() {return company;}public void setCompany(Company company) {this.company = company;}public Time getTime() {return time;}public void setTime(Time time) {this.time = time;}public Result getResult() {return result;}public void setResult(Result result) {this.result = result;}public Remark getRemark() {return remark;}public void setRemark(Remark remark) {this.remark = remark;}public Data(First first, Company company, Time time, Result result, Remark remark) {super();this.first = first;this.company = company;this.time = time;this.result = result;this.remark = remark;} } -
整个要发送的数据对象Message
@XStreamAlias("xml") public class Message {@XStreamAlias("touser")private String touser;@XStreamAlias("template_id")private String template_id;@XStreamAlias("url")private String url;private Data data;public String getTouser() {return touser;}public void setTouser(String touser) {this.touser = touser;}public String getTemplate_id() {return template_id;}public void setTemplate_id(String template_id) {this.template_id = template_id;}public String getUrl() {return url;}public void setUrl(String url) {this.url = url;}public Data getData() {return data;}public void setData(Data data) {this.data = data;}public Message(String touser, String template_id, String url, Data data) {super();this.touser = touser;this.template_id = template_id;this.url = url;this.data = data;} }
3.4.3.配置文件template.properties
post_url=https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
touser=o8WIn57l7aU_km1WGlYo64CPB0rM
template_id=fnuSPVY0RYEYxmKbmj9aL6VVU1A1LYKKUBZmaCZz9rY
click_url=https://www.baidu.com
first_value=您好！你有新的报平安任务！
first_color=#173177
company_value=任务名称
company_color=#173177
time_value=发布时间
time_color=#173177
result_value=发布人
result_color=#173177
remark_value=请及时上报任务！
remark_color=#173177
3.4.4 .实现将xml转为json的方法
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导包
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方法
/*** 将xml数据转为JSON数据字符串* * @param xml* @return* @throws JDOMException* @throws IOException*/public static String xmlToJSON(String xml) {XMLSerializer xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer();// 将xml转为json（注：如果是元素的属性，会在json里的key前加一个@标识）JSON jsonObject = xmlSerializer.read(xml);return jsonObject.toString();}
3.4.5.发送模板消息
public void sendTemplateMessage() {try {// 加载模板InputStream is = SendMsg.class.getResourceAsStream("/template.properties");Properties pro = new Properties();pro.load(is);// 获取AccessTokenString at = WxService.getAccessToken();System.out.println(at);// 从模板中获取post的参数urlString url = pro.getProperty("post_url");url = url.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", at);// 获取post参数：data// firstMap<String, String> map_first = new HashMap<>();map_first.put("value", pro.getProperty("first_value"));map_first.put("color", pro.getProperty("first_color"));First first = new First(map_first);// companyMap<String, String> map_company = new HashMap<>();map_company.put("value", pro.getProperty("company_value"));map_company.put("color", pro.getProperty("company_color"));Company company = new Company(map_company);// timeMap<String, String> map_time = new HashMap<>();map_time.put("value", pro.getProperty("time_value"));map_time.put("color", pro.getProperty("time_color"));Time time = new Time(map_time);// resultMap<String, String> map_result = new HashMap<>();map_result.put("value", pro.getProperty("result_value"));map_result.put("color", pro.getProperty("result_color"));Result result = new Result(map_result);// remarkMap<String, String> map_remark = new HashMap<>();map_remark.put("value", pro.getProperty("remark_value"));map_remark.put("color", pro.getProperty("remark_color"));Remark remark = new Remark(map_remark);// dataData dataMsg = new Data(first, company, time, result, remark);// touser:先从配置文件获取，之后要获取用户openid存到数据库String touser = pro.getProperty("touser");// template_idString template_id = pro.getProperty("template_id");// 点击后跳转的链接String click_url = pro.getProperty("click_url");// 整个要发送的数据Message msg = new Message(touser, template_id, click_url, dataMsg);// XStream stream = new XStream();当属性带有下划线"_"转成XML时会变成双下划线"__"XStream stream = new XStream(new Xpp3Driver(new NoNameCoder()));// 处理需要@XStream注解的类stream.processAnnotations(Message.class);stream.processAnnotations(Data.class);stream.processAnnotations(First.class);stream.processAnnotations(Company.class);stream.processAnnotations(Time.class);stream.processAnnotations(Result.class);stream.processAnnotations(Remark.class);// 将Java类转为xmlString xml = stream.toXML(msg);System.out.println(xml);// 将xml数据转为jsonString data = WxUtils.xmlToJSON(xml);System.out.println(data);// 发送post请求String rst = WxUtils.post(url, data);System.out.println(rst);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
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