前言

本篇文章主要用来记录使用vscode配置opencv的全过程，在整个过程中需要用到的工具包括vscode安装包、MinGW-w64和opencv的源码。vs studio配置opencv比较简单，opencv官网中已经有用vs studio编译器编译好的opencv库，但是对于vscode而言，不能直接使用利用vs studio编译器编译好的opencv库，因此需要借助MinGW-w64和CMake工具对opencv源码重新进行编译，编译的前提是你的C:\Users目录下的用户名称不包含中文，否则无法成功编译，从头编译的过程参照以下链接，

https://blog.csdn.net/Xiao_Xue_Seng/article/details/108552346

因为在cmake的过程中将在C:\Users\XXX\AppData下创建相关的文件夹，如果路径中包含中文则无法创建相应的文件夹导致编译出错，如果头铁也可以通过改注册表的方式修改用户名为英文，修改方式参照下面的链接，

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38232598/article/details/102836028

修改注册表可能导致计算机崩溃，不怕麻烦的话可以尝试一下，由于怕麻烦，因此本文从下载编译好的opencv库开始配置。

一、安装MinGW-w64

从下面链接中下载MinGW-w64的安装文件，安装完成后将D:\mingw64\bin添加到环境变量，具体路径按照你自己的安装位置确定。

https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw-w64/files/

二、下载编译好的opencv库

从下面的连接中下载编译好的opencv库，

https://github.com/huihut/OpenCV-MinGW-Build

从该网站中下载所需要的opencv库,下载完成后解压到电脑中的随机位置。

三、配置vscode

配置方式有两种选择，第一种是vscode中安装了code-runner工具，在该情况下，需要修改code-runner.executorMap，导入编译所需要的相关文件。方法是在vscode界面，同时按住ctrl + ','(逗号)，在弹出来的搜索设置中输入runner.executorMap，

点击在settings.json中编辑，

首次打开settings.json可能只有"window.zoomLevel"和"code-runner.runInTerminal":两项内容，换行键入"code-runner.executorMap":之后，将会自动补全下面的内容，找到"cpp"这一项，用下面的内容替换原来的内容，

"cpp":"cd $dir && g++ $fileName -o $fileNameWithoutExt -I D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/include -L D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/x64/mingw/bin -l libopencv_calib3d410 -l libopencv_core410 -l libopencv_dnn410 -l libopencv_features2d410 -l libopencv_flann410 -l libopencv_gapi410 -l libopencv_highgui410 -l libopencv_imgcodecs410 -l libopencv_imgproc410 -l libopencv_ml410 -l libopencv_objdetect410 -l libopencv_photo410 -l libopencv_stitching410 -l libopencv_video410 -l libopencv_videoio410 -l opencv_ffmpeg410_64 && $dir$fileNameWithoutExt"，

其中，-I表示导入头文件文件夹，-L表示依赖库导入，-l表示依赖库中dll文件的名称，dll的名称要按照下载的opencv库里的内容加以修改，否则会报错。另外就是有些博客中会有libopencv_worldxxx.dll，该文件仅仅是所有依赖的集成体，不是必须的，可以通过像上述一条一条添加的方式解决。

第二种方式是不借助code-runner，使用vscode自带的调试工具，此时需要launch.json，tasks.json和c_cpp_properties.json三个文件，分别如下所示，

launch.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "C++ Launch (GDB)",                "type": "cppdbg",                         "request": "launch",                        "targetArchitecture": "x86",                "program": "${workspaceRoot}\\${fileBasename}.exe",                 "miDebuggerPath":"D:\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe", "args": [],     "stopAtEntry": false,                  "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",                  "externalConsole": true,                  "preLaunchTask": "g++"             }]}

注意修改"miDebuggerPath"的路径。

c_cpp_properties.json

{"configurations": [{"name": "win","includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**","D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/include","D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/include/opencv2"       ],"defines": [],"compilerPath": "D:/mingw64/bin/gcc.exe","cStandard": "c11","cppStandard": "c++17","intelliSenseMode": "clang-x64"}],"version": 4
}

注意修改"includePath"、 "compilerPath"的路径。

tasks.json

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "opencv4.1.0 compile task","type": "shell","command": "g++","args":["-g",// "${fileBasename}","${workspaceRoot}\\${fileBasename}","-o","${workspaceRoot}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}", // "${workspaceFolder}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe","-I","D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/include","-L","D:/softInstaller/OpenCV-MinGW-Build-OpenCV-4.1.0-x64/x64/mingw/bin","-l","libopencv_calib3d410","-l","libopencv_core410","-l","libopencv_dnn410","-l","libopencv_features2d410","-l","libopencv_flann410","-l","libopencv_gapi410","-l","libopencv_highgui410","-l","libopencv_imgcodecs410","-l","libopencv_imgproc410","-l","libopencv_ml410","-l","libopencv_objdetect410","-l","libopencv_photo410",// "-l",// "libopencv_shape341","-l","libopencv_stitching410",// "-l",// "libopencv_superres341","-l","libopencv_video410","-l","libopencv_videoio410",// "-l",// "libopencv_videostab341""-l","opencv_ffmpeg410_64"],"options": {"cwd": "D:/mingw64/bin"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"presentation": { "panel": "new" //默认为“shared“表示共享，改成new之后每个进程创建新的端口}}]
}

注意修改-I、-L和-l的内容，参数的含义同上文。此时，按住CTRL+shift+B可以进行编译，正常编译后将在-o指定的位置生成可执行文件。

以上两种方法，都需要在打开cpp文件的时候运行，因为"${file}"参数指代的是当前的文件，如果打开一个.json文件运行编译将会报错。