图像开运算

article/2025/10/3 17:05:25

开运算是先腐蚀后膨胀的过程，它能去除孤点、毛刺和小桥（连接两区域的小点），消除小物体、平滑大物体的边界，并且不明显改变面积。
开运算公式如下：
这里写图片描述

#include"cv.h"
#include "highgui.h"void erode(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst);
void dilate(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst);
void open(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst);int main()
{IplImage *src = cvLoadImage("linzhilin.jpg",1);const int width = src->width;const int height = src->height;CvMat* gray = cvCreateMat(height, width, CV_8UC1);CvMat* openImg = cvCreateMat(height, width, CV_8UC1);cvCvtColor(src, gray, CV_BGR2GRAY);cvThreshold(gray, gray, 1, 255, CV_THRESH_OTSU);open(gray, openImg);cvShowImage("SRC", src);cvShowImage("BINARY IMAGE", gray);cvShowImage("OPEN", openImg);cvWaitKey(0);cvSaveImage("binImg.bmp", gray);cvSaveImage("open.bmp", openImg);cvReleaseMat(&gray);cvReleaseMat(&openImg);return 0;
}void erode(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst)
{const int WIDTH = src->width;const int HEIGHT = src->height;memcpy(dst->data.ptr, src->data.ptr, WIDTH*HEIGHT);uchar* srcData = (uchar*)(src->data.ptr);for(int j = 0;  j < HEIGHT - 1;  j ++){uchar* dstData = (uchar*)(dst->data.ptr + j * dst->step);for(int i = 0; i < WIDTH - 1; i ++){bool found = false;dstData[i] = 255;for(int m = 0; m < 3; m ++){if(found)break;for(int n = 0; n < 3; n ++){if((srcData + (j + m - 1) * src->step)[i + n - 1] == 0){dstData[i] = 0;found = true;break;}}}}}
}void dilate(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst)
{const int WIDTH = src->width;const int HEIGHT = src->height;memcpy(dst->data.ptr, src->data.ptr, WIDTH*HEIGHT);uchar* srcData = (uchar*)(src->data.ptr);for(int j = 0;  j < HEIGHT - 1;  j ++){uchar* dstData = (uchar*)(dst->data.ptr + j * dst->step);for(int i = 0; i < WIDTH - 1; i ++){bool found = false;dstData[i] = 0;for(int m = 0; m < 3; m ++){if(found)break;for(int n = 0; n < 3; n ++){if((srcData + (j + m - 1) * src->step)[i + n - 1] == 255){dstData[i] = 255;found = true;break;}}}}}
}
void open(CvMat *src, CvMat *dst)
{CvMat *openImg = cvCloneMat(src);erode(src, dst);dilate(dst, openImg);cvCopy(openImg, dst);cvReleaseMat(&openImg);
}