Babylon.js基础场景搭建

路由
前言
最终实现效果
本文实现效果
技术选型
- 1.前端
- 2.后端
完整代码
代码分解
- 0.npm安装相关依赖
- 1.引入模块
- 2.场景初始化
- 3.ArcRotateCamera 相机初始化
- 4.灯光初始化
- 5.地面初始化
- - 5-1. 绿地
  - 5-2.网格地面
- 6.正方体物体初始化
- 7.天空盒初始化
后续计划
- Babylon.js
- Blockly
开源项目GitHub链接
资源下载链接
你的点赞是我继续编写的动力

路由

下一篇内容:Vue实现图形化积木式编程(二) ---- Babylon.js加载模型到场景中

前言

前段时间想要做一个web端的图形化积木式编程（类似少儿编程）的案例，网上冲浪了一圈又一圈，终于技术选型好，然后代码一顿敲，终于出来了一个雏形。

TIPS：该案例设计主要参考iRobot Coding,只用做学习用途，侵删。

https://code.irobot.com/#/

最终实现效果

本文实现效果

可移动相机视角查看3d模型

技术选型

1.前端

vuetify - 基于vue的界面框架
babylon.js - 3d图形引擎
ammo.js - 物理引擎库
blockly - 模块化编程工具

2.后端

ThinkJS - 基于Node.js的后端框架

完整代码

一个完整的vue文件

<template><div style="height: 100%;width: 100%;"><div><canvas id="renderCanvas"></canvas></div></div>
</template><script>
import * as BABYLON from 'babylonjs';
import * as BABYLON_MATERAIAL from "babylonjs-materials"function loadScene() {//获取到renderCanvas这个元素var canvas = document.getElementById("renderCanvas");//初始化引擎var engine = new BABYLON.Engine(canvas, true);//初始化场景var scene = new BABYLON.Scene(engine);//注册一个渲染循环来重复渲染场景engine.runRenderLoop(function () {scene.render();});//浏览器窗口变化时监听window.addEventListener("resize", function () {engine.resize();});//相机初始化var camera = new BABYLON.ArcRotateCamera("Camera", 0, 0, 5, new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0, 10), scene);camera.setPosition(new BABYLON.Vector3(20, 200, 400));//相机角度限制camera.upperBetaLimit = 1.5;//最大z轴旋转角度差不多45度俯瞰camera.lowerRadiusLimit = 50;//最小缩小比例camera.upperRadiusLimit = 1500;//最大放大比例//变焦速度camera.wheelPrecision = 1; //电脑滚轮速度 越小灵敏度越高camera.pinchPrecision = 20; //手机放大缩小速度 越小灵敏度越高scene.activeCamera.panningSensibility = 100;//右键平移灵敏度// 将相机和画布关联camera.attachControl(canvas, true);//灯光初始化var light = new BABYLON.HemisphericLight("light1", new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 10, 0), scene);//设置高光颜色light.specular = new BABYLON.Color3(0, 0, 0);//设置灯光强度light.intensity = 1// 绿地初始化var materialPlane = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("texturePlane", scene);materialPlane.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(152 / 255.0, 209 / 255.0, 115 / 255.0)materialPlane.backFaceCulling = false;materialPlane.freeze()var plane = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateDisc("ground", {radius: 3000}, scene);plane.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2;plane.material = materialPlane;plane.position.y = -0.1;plane.freezeWorldMatrix()//网格地板初始化const groundSide = 144;var ground = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateGround("ground", groundSide, groundSide, 1, scene, true);var groundMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.GridMaterial("grid", scene);groundMaterial.mainColor = BABYLON.Color3.White();//底板颜色groundMaterial.alpha = 1;//透明度const gridLineGray = 0.95;groundMaterial.lineColor = new BABYLON.Color3(gridLineGray, gridLineGray, gridLineGray);groundMaterial.backFaceCulling = true; // 可看到背面//大网格间距groundMaterial.majorUnitFrequency = 16;//小网格间距groundMaterial.minorUnitVisibility = 0;const gridOffset = 8; // 网格偏移量groundMaterial.gridOffset = new BABYLON.Vector3(gridOffset, 0, gridOffset);groundMaterial.freeze(); // 冻结材质，优化渲染速度ground.material = groundMaterialground.freezeWorldMatrix()//正方形物体初始化var blueBox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("blue", 10, scene);var blueMat = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("ground", scene);blueMat.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);blueMat.specularColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);blueMat.emissiveColor = BABYLON.Color3.Blue();// blueMat.wireframe = true;//网格状blueBox.material = blueMat;//起始位置坐标blueBox.position.x = 0;blueBox.position.y = 5;blueBox.position.z = 0;//天空盒初始化var skyMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.SkyMaterial("skyMaterial", scene);skyMaterial.inclination = 0skyMaterial.backFaceCulling = false;var skybox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("skyBox", 5000.0, scene);skybox.material = skyMaterial;
}export default {name: "test",data() {return {}},mounted() {//加载场景loadScene()},
}
</script><style scoped>
#renderCanvas {width: 680px;height: 680px;touch-action: none;z-index: 10000;border-radius: 10px;
}
</style>

代码分解

0.npm安装相关依赖

npm install babylonjs babylonjs-gui babylonjs-loaders babylonjs-materials --save

安装的模块在package.json中生成

"dependencies": {{"babylonjs": "^4.2.0",//babylon核心库"babylonjs-gui": "^4.2.0",//UI界面库（按钮等）"babylonjs-loaders": "^4.2.0",//开机加载库（修改启动动画的）"babylonjs-materials": "^4.2.0"//材质库，有些材质像是SkyMaterial，babylonjs库的默认材质中是没有这个对象的
}

1.引入模块

import * as BABYLON from 'babylonjs';
import * as BABYLON_MATERAIAL from "babylonjs-materials"

2.场景初始化

template中

<div><canvas id="renderCanvas"></canvas>
</div>

css中

#renderCanvas {width: 680px;height: 680px;touch-action: none;z-index: 10000;border-radius: 10px;
}

js中

//获取到renderCanvas这个元素
var canvas = document.getElementById("renderCanvas");
//初始化引擎
var engine = new BABYLON.Engine(canvas, true);
//初始化场景
var scene = new BABYLON.Scene(engine);
//注册一个渲染循环来重复渲染场景
engine.runRenderLoop(function () {scene.render();
});
//浏览器窗口变化时监听
window.addEventListener("resize", function () {engine.resize();
});

3.ArcRotateCamera 相机初始化

var camera = new BABYLON.ArcRotateCamera("Camera", 0, 0, 5, new BABYLON.Vector3(0,0,10), scene);
camera.setPosition(new BABYLON.Vector3(20, 200, 400));
//相机角度限制camera.upperBetaLimit = 1.5;//最大z轴旋转角度差不多45度俯瞰
camera.lowerRadiusLimit = 50;//最小缩小比例
camera.upperRadiusLimit = 1500;//最大放大比例
//变焦速度
camera.wheelPrecision = 1; //电脑滚轮速度 越小灵敏度越高
camera.pinchPrecision = 20; //手机放大缩小速度 越小灵敏度越高
scene.activeCamera.panningSensibility = 100;//右键平移灵敏度
// 将相机和画布关联
camera.attachControl(canvas, true);

4.灯光初始化

//设置半球光
var light = new BABYLON.HemisphericLight("light1", new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 10, 0), scene);
//设置高光颜色
light.specular = new BABYLON.Color3(0, 0, 0);
//设置灯光强度
light.intensity = 1

5.地面初始化

5-1. 绿地

// 添加地面
var materialPlane = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("texturePlane", scene);
materialPlane.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(152 / 255.0, 209 / 255.0, 115 / 255.0)
materialPlane.backFaceCulling = false;//Allways show the front and the back of an element
materialPlane.freeze()
var plane = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateDisc("ground", {radius: 6000}, scene);
plane.rotation.x = Math.PI / 2;
plane.material = materialPlane;
plane.position.y = -0.01;
plane.freezeWorldMatrix()

5-2.网格地面

//地板const groundSide = 144;var ground = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateGround("ground", groundSide, groundSide, 1, scene, true);var groundMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.GridMaterial("grid", scene);groundMaterial.freeze(); // Optimization.groundMaterial.mainColor = BABYLON.Color3.White();//底板颜色groundMaterial.alpha = 1;//透明度const gridLineGray = 0.95;groundMaterial.lineColor = new BABYLON.Color3(gridLineGray, gridLineGray, gridLineGray);groundMaterial.backFaceCulling = true; // Change this if the back of the pad needs to be visible.//大网格间距groundMaterial.majorUnitFrequency = 16;//小网格间距groundMaterial.minorUnitVisibility = 0;const gridOffset = 0; // This makes the grid cells to be aligned with the pad's borders.groundMaterial.gridOffset = new BABYLON.Vector3(gridOffset, 0, gridOffset);ground.material = groundMaterialground.freezeWorldMatrix()

TIPS：很多同学会发现，将两个平面叠加时，移动相机视角，会出现虫影现象

两平面叠加虫影

优化方案

//1、冻结材质和模型
//绿地
//设置为静态网格,freezeWorldMatrix之后，改变postion、rotation是无效的
plane.freezeWorldMatrix()
//将材质冻结
plane.material.freeze()
//网格
ground.freezeWorldMatrix()
ground.material.freeze()
//2、增大两个物体的y轴间距
plane.position.y = -0.1

6.正方体物体初始化

 //添加物体
var blueBox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("blue", 10, scene);
var blueMat = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial("ground", scene);
blueMat.diffuseColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
blueMat.specularColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.4, 0.4, 0.4);
blueMat.emissiveColor = BABYLON.Color3.Blue();
// blueMat.wireframe = true;//网格状
blueBox.material = blueMat;
//起始位置坐标
blueBox.position.x = 0;
blueBox.position.y = 5;
blueBox.position.z = 0;

7.天空盒初始化

//天空盒初始化
var skyMaterial = new BABYLON_MATERAIAL.SkyMaterial("skyMaterial", scene);
skyMaterial.inclination = 0
skyMaterial.backFaceCulling = false;
var skybox = BABYLON.Mesh.CreateBox("skyBox", 5000.0, scene);
skybox.material = skyMaterial;