quartz
一、Quartz相关介绍
1.简介
1.1 Quartz 是一个完全由 Java 编写的开源作业调度框架,为在 Java 应用程序中进行作业调度提供了简单却强大的机制。
1.2 Quartz 可以与 J2EE 与 J2SE 应用程序相结合也可以单独使用。
1.3 Quartz 允许程序开发人员根据时间的间隔来调度作业。
1.4 Quartz 实现了作业和触发器的多对多的关系,还能把多个作业与不同的触发器关联。
2.Quartz 核心概念
我们需要明白 Quartz 的几个核心概念,这样理解起 Quartz 的原理就会变得简单了。
2.1 Job 表示一个工作,要执行的具体内容。此接口中只有一个方法,如下:
void execute(JobExecutionContext context)
2.2 JobDetail 表示一个具体的可执行的调度程序,Job 是这个可执行程调度程序所要执行的内容,另外 JobDetail 还包含了这个任务调度的方案和策略。
2.3 Trigger 代表一个调度参数的配置,什么时候去调。
2.4 Scheduler 代表一个调度容器,一个调度容器中可以注册多个 JobDetail 和 Trigger。当 Trigger 与 JobDetail 组合,就可以被 Scheduler 容器调度了。
项目层级
先说说常见的几种定时方法
线程休眠
先讲个故事
一名程序员网友发帖晒出了自己写的一段代码,是一段定时代码,根据他的语气,可以看出他对自己写的代码感觉很好,是一段java代码,好家伙,代码中多线程都用上了,还有sleep,然后自己这样写了就直接被老板赶走了,走之前为了面子还说到,你这公司我还看不上呢,其实一想写的确实没问题功能能实现,但是
Java线程实现采用内核线程实现,线程的休眠及唤醒(状态切换)需借助操作系统进行,这是一个极其耗时耗力的操作。在线程休眠或运行时间较长的情景下,其对性能的影响还不算明显,因为对线程状态的切换并不频繁。但若线程休眠及运行的时间都很短(例如毫秒/秒,文中案例就是一个典型案例),系统将频繁的对线程状态进行切换,导致严重的性能损耗,并对着循环次数的递增而放大。
所以是不推荐使用的!
/**** 使用线程休眠实现定时任务,这种写法是不建议写的*/
public class Task01 {public static void main(String[] args) {Thread myThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {System.out.println("TestThreadWait is called!");try {// 使用线程休眠来实现周期执行Thread.sleep(1000 * 3);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}});myThread.start();}
}
Timer
/**** 延时任务*/
public class Task02 {public static void main(String[] args) {Timer timer = new Timer();/**** 参数一:需要执行的任务* 参数二:延迟多久 参数二不加只会执行一次=定时任务* 参数三,执行的频率*/timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {@Overridepublic void run() {System.out.println("使用timer实现定时任务");}}, 0,1000);}
}
通过ScheduledExecutorService实现定时任务
package com.changan.test;import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description:* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 09:35**/
public class Task03 {public static void main(String[] args) {Runnable runnable= new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {System.out.println("通过ScheduledExecutorService实现定时任务");}};ScheduledExecutorService service= Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();service.scheduleAtFixedRate(runnable,1,2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);}
}
进阶
quartz(编写触发器和调度器 )
package com.changan.test;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: 编写触发器和调度器* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 10:28**/
import com.changan.job.HelloJob;
//import com.changan.test.service.HelloJob;
import org.quartz.*;
import org.quartz.impl.StdSchedulerFactory;public class HelloSchedulerDemo {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{//1、调度器(Schedular),从工厂中获取调度实例(默认:实例化new StdSchedulerFactory();)Scheduler scheduler= StdSchedulerFactory.getDefaultScheduler();//2、任务实例(JobDetail)JobDetail jobDetail= JobBuilder.newJob(HelloJob.class) //加载任务类,与HelloJob完成绑定,要求HelloJob实现Job接口.withIdentity("job1","group1") //参数1:任务的名称(唯一实例);参数2:任务组的名称.build();//3、触发器(Trigger)Trigger trigger= TriggerBuilder.newTrigger().withIdentity("trigger1","group1") //参数1:触发器的名称(唯一实例);参数2:触发器组的名称.startNow() //马上启动触发器.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.repeatSecondlyForever(5)) //每5秒执行一次.build();//让调度器关联任务和触发器,保证按照触发器定义的条件执行任务scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger);//启动scheduler.start();}
}
job
package com.changan.job;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: 编写一个Job类,用来编写定时任务要做什么* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 10:25**/
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;public class HelloJob implements Job {public void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {//输出当前时间Date date=new Date();SimpleDateFormat dateFormat=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");String dateString=dateFormat.format(date);//工作内容System.out.println("执行定时任务,时间是:"+dateString);}
}
高阶(使用springboot整合quartz并插入一条数据进入数据库)
下面也需要用到CronExpression表达式
推荐一个博主写的博客写的很好yyds
https://blog.csdn.net/ca1993422/article/details/123723693?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
yaml
server:port: 8085
spring:application:name: quartz-servicedatasource:driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverurl: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tcw?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNullusername: rootpassword: 123456mybatis-plus:configuration:log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl #??????map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #??????? ????????create_time?????_??mapper-locations: classpath*:/mapper/*Mapper.xml #????type-aliases-package: com.changan.entity #??
pom.xml
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId></dependency><!-- mybatis-plus--><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.5.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId></dependency></dependencies>
启动器
package com.changan;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: 启动类* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 09:42**//**** @EnableScheduling:开启定时任务*/
@MapperScan("com.changan.mapper")
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class QuarzApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(QuarzApplication.class,args);}}
Quartz配置类
package com.changan.config;import com.changan.adapter.MyadaptableJobFactory;
import com.changan.job.QuartzDemo;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: Quartz配置类* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 10:54**/
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfig {/*** 1、创建Job对象*/@Beanpublic JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean(){JobDetailFactoryBean factoryBean=new JobDetailFactoryBean();//关联我们自己的Job类factoryBean.setJobClass(QuartzDemo.class); //就是触发这个定时任务执行的任务return factoryBean;}/*** 2、创建Trigger对象*/@Beanpublic CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean(JobDetailFactoryBean jobDetailFactoryBean){CronTriggerFactoryBean factoryBean=new CronTriggerFactoryBean();factoryBean.setJobDetail(jobDetailFactoryBean.getObject());//将任务代进去factoryBean.setCronExpression("0/5 * * * * ?");//设置任务触发条件 CronExpression表达式return factoryBean;}/*** 3、创建Scheduler* 实现调度任务的配置*/@Beanpublic SchedulerFactoryBean schedulerFactoryBean(CronTriggerFactoryBean cronTriggerFactoryBean, MyadaptableJobFactory myadaptableJobFactory){SchedulerFactoryBean factoryBean=new SchedulerFactoryBean();factoryBean.setTriggers(cronTriggerFactoryBean.getObject());factoryBean.setJobFactory(myadaptableJobFactory);return factoryBean;}
}
Job类(就是你时间到了触发的方法)
package com.changan.job;import com.changan.entity.User;
import com.changan.service.Userservice;
import org.quartz.Job;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import java.util.Date;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: job类* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 10:40**/
public class QuartzDemo implements Job {@Autowiredprivate Userservice userService;@Overridepublic void execute(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {User user = new User();user.setAge(12);user.setHead("dwwd");user.setManager(123);user.setSex("dw");user.setUpwd("wdwdw");user.setUname("111");System.out.println(userService.userinsert(user));System.out.println("Execute..."+new Date());}
}
做完这些操作之后你运行插入你会发现Userservice并没有注入bean 就算加service也不行下面就需要一个配置类了
MyadaptableJobFactory(注入对象)
package com.changan.adapter;/*** @program: springcloudalibaba* @description: 编写一个类MyAdaptableJobFactory继承AdaptableJobFactory,覆盖createJobInstance()方法。* @author: Mr.shen* @create: 2022-06-27 10:54**/
import org.quartz.spi.TriggerFiredBundle;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.AutowireCapableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.AdaptableJobFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component("myadaptableJobFactory") //将该类实例化,使得可以直接用
public class MyadaptableJobFactory extends AdaptableJobFactory {//AutowireCapableBeanFactory可以将一个对象添加到Spring IOC容器中,并且完成该对象注入@Autowiredprivate AutowireCapableBeanFactory autowireCapableBeanFactory;//该方法将实例化的任务对象手动的添加到SpringIOC容器中并且完成对象的注入@Overrideprotected Object createJobInstance(TriggerFiredBundle bundle) throws Exception {Object object = super.createJobInstance(bundle);//将object对象添加到Spring IOC容器中并完成注入this.autowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBean(object);return object;}
}