MySQL复制表3种方式

article/2025/8/26 14:34:34

本节目标

1.掌握MySQL复制表的几种方式
复制表，即备份表，给我们在操作表的时候，留一条后路

复制表的三种方式：
1.只复制表结构
create table tableName like someTable;

2.只复制表数据
create table tableName select * from someTable;

3.复制表结构+数据
create table tableName like someTable;
insert into tableName select * from someTable;
在这里插入图片描述

实战环节：

0.前期准备

创建一个t1表和索引

create table t1(id int not null auto_increment primary key,name varchar(50)
);

插入两条数据

insert into t1(name) values('张三');
insert into t1(name) values('李四');

假如索引建在名字上

create index idx_name on t1(name);

结果如下：

mysql> create table t1(-> id int not null auto_increment primary key,-> name varchar(50)-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (5.73 sec)mysql> insert into t1(name) values('张三');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.54 sec)mysql> insert into t1(name) values('李四');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.26 sec)mysql> create index idx_name on t1(name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.34 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看索引

show index from t1;
mysql> show index from t1\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t1Non_unique: 0Key_name: PRIMARYSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: idCollation: ACardinality: 2Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull:Index_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************Table: t1Non_unique: 1Key_name: idx_nameSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: nameCollation: ACardinality: 2Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull: YESIndex_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
2 rows in set (0.08 sec)ERROR:
No query specified

正题：

1.只复制表结构

create table t2 like t1;

mysql> create table t2 like t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.77 sec)

使用select * from t2;
发现数据真的没复制过来
mysql> select * from t2;
Empty set (0.17 sec)

索引和表结构如何呢？复制过来没有？我们看一看
show index from t2;
desc t2;
show create table t2;

mysql> show index from t2\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t2Non_unique: 0Key_name: PRIMARYSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: idCollation: ACardinality: 0Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull:Index_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************Table: t2Non_unique: 1Key_name: idx_nameSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: nameCollation: ACardinality: 0Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull: YESIndex_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> desc t2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(50) | YES  | MUL | NULL    |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (1.44 sec)mysql> show create table t2;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t2    | CREATE TABLE `t2` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),KEY `idx_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

我们发现，索引和表结构确确实实复制过来了。

2.仅复制数据

create table t3 select * from t1;

mysql> create table t3 select * from t1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (1.15 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

查看表结构，发现主键索引并没有复制过来

mysql> show create table t3;
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                  |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t3    | CREATE TABLE `t3` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

查看索引

mysql> show index from t3;
Empty set (0.05 sec)

查看表数据，发现已经复制成功

mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | 张三 |
|  2 | 李四 |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.完整复制
步骤一：复制表结构create table t4 like t1;
步骤二：向新表插入数据insert into t4 select * from t1;

mysql> create table t4 like t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.82 sec)mysql> insert into t4 select * from t1;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.21 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

查看建表语句

show create table t4;

查看索引

show index from t4;

查看数据

select * from t4;

结果如下：

mysql> show create table t4\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t4
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t4` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`),KEY `idx_name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row in set (0.00 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> show index from t4\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************Table: t4Non_unique: 0Key_name: PRIMARYSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: idCollation: ACardinality: 2Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull:Index_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
*************************** 2. row ***************************Table: t4Non_unique: 1Key_name: idx_nameSeq_in_index: 1Column_name: nameCollation: ACardinality: 2Sub_part: NULLPacked: NULLNull: YESIndex_type: BTREEComment:
Index_comment:Visible: YESExpression: NULL
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)ERROR:
No query specifiedmysql> select * from t4;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | 张三 |
|  2 | 李四 |
+----+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)