一、安装Maven
1.官网下载
Binary是可执行版本，已经编译好可以直接使用。
Source是源代码版本，需要自己编译成可执行软件才可使用。
tar.gz和zip两种压缩格式,其实这两个压缩文件里面包含的内容是同样的,只是压缩格式不同
tar.gz格式的文件比zip文件小很多,用于unix操作系统。
zip格式用于Windows操作系统,但在Windows系统使用WinRar工具一样能够解压缩tar.gz格式
2.下载完成后，解压到某一路径下。本文以E:\Tools\Maven\apache-maven-3.8.1为例，实际配置环境变量时以自己安装的路径为准。
二、配置环境变量
1.右键此电脑–>属性–>高级系统设置–>环境变量
2.新建变量MAVEN_HOME = E:\Tools\Maven\apache-maven-3.8.1（以自己的安装路径为准）
3.编辑变量Path，添加变量值%MAVEN_HOME%\bin
4.然后win+R运行cmd，输入mvn -version，如图所示则配置成功
三、配置本地仓库
1.在E:\Tools\Maven\路径下新建maven-repository文件夹，用作maven的本地库。
2.在路径E:\Tools\Maven\apache-maven-3.8.1\conf下找到settings.xml文件
3.找到节点localRepository，在注释外添加
<localRepository>E:\Tools\Maven\maven-repository</localRepository>
localRepository节点用于配置本地仓库，本地仓库其实起到了一个缓存的作用，它的默认地址是 C:\Users\用户名.m2。
当我们从maven中获取jar包的时候，maven首先会在本地仓库中查找，如果本地仓库有则返回；如果没有则从远程仓库中获取包，并在本地库中保存。
此外，我们在maven项目中运行mvn install，项目将会自动打包并安装到本地仓库中。
四、配置镜像
1.在settings.xml配置文件中找到mirrors节点
2.添加如下配置（注意要添加在<mirrors>和</mirrors>两个标签之间，其它配置同理）
<!-- 阿里云仓库 -->
<mirror><id>alimaven</id><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf><name>aliyun maven</name><url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url>
</mirror>
因为国外的服务器下载jar包很慢所以我们改为阿里云服务器
虽然mirrors可以配置多个子节点，但是它只会使用其中的一个节点，即默认情况下配置多个mirror的情况下，只有第一个生效，只有当前一个mirror无法连接的时候，才会去找后一个；而我们想要的效果是：当a.jar在第一个mirror中不存在的时候，maven会去第二个mirror中查询下载，但是maven不会这样做！五、配置JDK
在settings.xml配置文件中找到profiles节点
添加如下配置
五、配置JDK
- 在settings.xml配置文件中找到profiles节点
- 添加如下配置
<!-- java版本 -->
<profile><id>jdk-1.8</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><jdk>1.8</jdk></activation><properties><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion></properties>
</profile>
配置完成，win+R运行cmd，输入mvn help:system测试，配置成功则本地仓库（E:\Tools\Maven\maven-repository）中会出现一些文件
首次执行 mvn help:system 命令，Maven相关工具自动帮我们到Maven中央仓库下载缺省的或者Maven中央仓库更新的各种配置文件和类库（jar包)到Maven本地仓库中。
下载完各种文件后， mvn help:system 命令会打印出所有的Java系统属性和环境变量，这些信息对我们日常的编程工作很有帮助。
若需要IDEA配置Maven，请参考IDEA配置Maven_★★★★★-CSDN博客
附录
完整的settings.xml配置文件，可以直接复制使用，只需要修改相应的路径即可
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--><!--| This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:|| 1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,| and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -s /path/to/user/settings.xml|| 2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven| users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven| installation). It's normally provided in| ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.|| NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:|| -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml|| The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at| getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default| values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.||-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.2.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.2.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.2.0.xsd"><!-- localRepository| The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.|| Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository<localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>--><localRepository>E:\Tools\Maven\maven-repository</localRepository><!-- interactiveMode| This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,| maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for| the parameter in question.|| Default: true<interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>--><!-- offline| Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.| This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.|| Default: false<offline>false</offline>--><!-- pluginGroups| This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.| when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers| "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.|--><pluginGroups><!-- pluginGroup| Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.<pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>--></pluginGroups><!-- proxies| This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.| Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy| specification in this list marked as active will be used.|--><proxies><!-- proxy| Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.|<proxy><id>optional</id><active>true</active><protocol>http</protocol><username>proxyuser</username><password>proxypass</password><host>proxy.host.net</host><port>80</port><nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts></proxy>--></proxies><!-- servers| This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.| Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.|--><servers><!-- server| Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by| a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).|| NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are| used together.|<server><id>deploymentRepo</id><username>repouser</username><password>repopwd</password></server>--><!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.<server><id>siteServer</id><privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey><passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase></server>--></servers><!-- mirrors| This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.|| It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.| However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored| it to several places.|| That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that| repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred| server for that repository.|--><mirrors><!-- mirror| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.|<mirror><id>mirrorId</id><mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf><name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name><url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url></mirror>--><!-- 阿里云仓库 --><mirror><id>alimaven</id><mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf><name>aliyun maven</name><url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/repositories/central/</url></mirror><mirror><id>maven-default-http-blocker</id><mirrorOf>external:http:*</mirrorOf><name>Pseudo repository to mirror external repositories initially using HTTP.</name><url>http://0.0.0.0/</url><blocked>true</blocked></mirror></mirrors><!-- profiles| This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify| the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-| specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.|| For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where| your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is| dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.|| As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles| section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially| relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,| or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a| value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.| Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.|| NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact| repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration| variables for plugins in the POM.||--><profiles><!-- java版本 --> <profile><id>jdk-1.8</id><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><jdk>1.8</jdk></activation><properties><maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target><maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion></properties></profile><!-- profile| Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the| mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>| or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.|| An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention| for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.| This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting| to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.|| This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.<profile><id>jdk-1.4</id><activation><jdk>1.4</jdk></activation><repositories><repository><id>jdk14</id><name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name><url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url><layout>default</layout><snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy></repository></repositories></profile>--><!--| Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',| which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration| might hypothetically look like:|| ...| <plugin>| <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>| <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>|| <configuration>| <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>| </configuration>| </plugin>| ...|| NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to| anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.|<profile><id>env-dev</id><activation><property><name>target-env</name><value>dev</value></property></activation><properties><tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath></properties></profile>--></profiles><!-- activeProfiles| List of profiles that are active for all builds.|<activeProfiles><activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile><activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile></activeProfiles>-->
</settings>References
https://blog.csdn.net/a805814077/article/details/100545928
https://blog.csdn.net/github_37759996/article/details/90748461
https://www.cnblogs.com/Lints/p/11163073.html
转发于：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38190185/article/details/115921070
