三种批量插入数据的方法

article/2025/9/13 22:58:19

批量插入数据

本文将介绍三种批量插入数据的方法。第一种方法是使用循环语句逐个将数据项插入到数据库中；第二种方法使用的是SqlBulkCopy，使您可以用其他源的数据有效批量加载 SQL Server 表；第三种使用的方法是sql server中的表值参数方法，表值参数是 SQL Server 2008 中的新参数类型。表值参数是使用用户定义的表类型来声明的。使用表值参数，可以不必创建临时表或许多参数，即可向 Transact-SQL 语句或例程（如存储过程或函数）发送多行数据。

代码示例：

此例子为控制台输出程序，有两个类，一个为BulkData类，主要实现了表值参数和sqlbulkcopy是如何插入数据的，一个类为Repository，一个app.config配置文件。所用数据库为sql server 2012。

建库语句：

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 1 --Create DataBase
 2 use master
 3 go
 4 if exists(select * from master.sys.sysdatabases where name=N'BulkDB')
 5 drop database BulkDB
 6 create database BulkDB;
 7 go
 8 
 9 
10 --Create Table
11 use BulkDB
12 go
13 
14 if exists(select * from sys.objects where object_id=OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[BulkTable]') and type in(N'U'))
15 drop table [dbo].BulkTable
16 Create table BulkTable(
17 Id int primary key,
18 UserName nvarchar(32),
19 Pwd varchar(16))
20 go
21 
22 
23 --Create Table Valued
24 use BulkDB
25 go
26 
27 if exists
28 (
29 select * from sys.types st 
30 join sys.schemas ss 
31 on st.schema_id=ss.schema_id
32 where st.name=N'[BulkType]' and ss.name=N'dbo'
33 )
34 drop type [dbo].[BulkType]
35 go
36 
37 create type [dbo].[BulkType] as table
38   (
39    Id int,
40    UserName nvarchar(32),
41    Pwd varchar(16)
42    )
43 go
44 
45 select * from dbo.BulkTable

BulkData.cs

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 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Data;
 6 using System.Data.SqlClient;
 7 using System.Configuration;
 8 
 9 namespace BulkData
10 {
11     class BulkData
12     {
13         public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt)
14         {
15             SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(
16               ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
17             const string TSqlStatement =
18              "insert into BulkTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" +
19              " SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" +
20              " FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc";
21             SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn);
22             SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp", dt);
23 
24             catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured;
25            
26             catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkType";
27             try
28             {
29                 sqlConn.Open();
30                 if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
31                 {
32                     cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
33                 }
34             }
35             catch (Exception ex)
36             {
37                 throw ex;
38             }
39             finally
40             {
41                 sqlConn.Close();
42             }
43         }
44 
45         public static DataTable GetTable()
46         {
47             DataTable dt = new DataTable();
48 
49             dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{new DataColumn("Id",typeof(int)),new DataColumn("UserName",typeof(string)),new DataColumn("Pwd",typeof(string))});
50 
51             return dt;
52         }
53 
54         public static void BulkToDB(DataTable dt)
55         {
56             SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
57             SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn);
58             bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "BulkTable";
59             bulkCopy.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count;
60 
61             try
62             {
63                 sqlConn.Open();
64                 if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0)
65                     bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dt);
66             }
67             catch (Exception ex)
68             {
69                 throw ex;
70             }
71             finally
72             {
73                 sqlConn.Close();
74                 if (bulkCopy != null)
75                     bulkCopy.Close();
76             }
77         }
78     }
79 }

Repository.cs

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  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Linq;
  4 using System.Text;
  5 using System.Data;
  6 using System.Data.SqlClient;
  7 using System.Configuration;
  8 using System.Diagnostics;
  9 
 10 namespace BulkData
 11 {
 12     public class Repository
 13     {
 14         public static void UseSqlBulkCopyClass()
 15         {
 16             Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
 17             for (int outLayer = 0; outLayer < 10; outLayer++)
 18             {
 19                 DataTable dt = BulkData.GetTable();
 20                 for (int count = outLayer * 100000; count < (outLayer + 1) * 100000; count++)
 21                 {
 22                     DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
 23                     r[0] = count;
 24                     r[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * outLayer);
 25                     r[2] = string.Format("Password-{0}", count * outLayer);
 26                     dt.Rows.Add(r);
 27                 }
 28                 sw.Start();
 29                 BulkData.BulkToDB(dt);
 30                 sw.Stop();
 31                 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{1} hundred thousand data elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, outLayer + 1));
 32             }
 33 
 34             Console.ReadLine();
 35         }
 36 
 37         public static void UseTableValue()
 38         {
 39             Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
 40 
 41             for (int outLayer = 0; outLayer < 10; outLayer++)
 42             {
 43                 DataTable dt = BulkData.GetTable();
 44 
 45                 for (int count = outLayer * 100000; count < (outLayer + 1) * 100000; count++)
 46                 {
 47                     DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow();
 48                     dataRow[0] = count;
 49                     dataRow[1] = string.Format("User-{0}", count * outLayer);
 50                     dataRow[2] = string.Format("Password-{0}", count * outLayer);
 51                     dt.Rows.Add(dataRow);
 52                 }
 53 
 54                 sw.Start();
 55                 BulkData.TableValuedToDB(dt);
 56                 sw.Stop();
 57 
 58                 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{1} hundred thousand data elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, outLayer + 1));
 59             }
 60 
 61             Console.ReadLine();
 62         }
 63 
 64         public static void UserNormalInsert()
 65         {
 66             Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
 67 
 68             SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr"].ConnectionString);
 69 
 70             SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand();
 71             sqlComm.CommandText = string.Format("insert into BulkTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)");
 72             sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0", SqlDbType.Int);
 73             sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1", SqlDbType.NVarChar);
 74             sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2", SqlDbType.VarChar);
 75             sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
 76             sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn;
 77             sqlConn.Open();
 78 
 79             try
 80             {
 81                 for (int outLayer = 0; outLayer < 10; outLayer++)
 82                 {
 83                     for (int count = outLayer * 100000; count < (outLayer + 1) * 100000; count++)
 84                     {
 85 
 86                         sqlComm.Parameters["@p0"].Value = count;
 87                         sqlComm.Parameters["@p1"].Value = string.Format("User-{0}", count * outLayer);
 88                         sqlComm.Parameters["@p2"].Value = string.Format("Password-{0}", count * outLayer);
 89                         sw.Start();
 90                         sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery();
 91                         sw.Stop();
 92                     }
 93 
 94                     Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{1} hundred thousand data elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds", sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, outLayer + 1));
 95                 }
 96             }
 97             catch (Exception ex)
 98             {
 99                 throw ex;
100             }
101             finally
102             {
103                 sqlConn.Close();
104             }
105 
106             Console.ReadLine();
107         }
108     }
109 }

App.config

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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
2 <configuration>
3   <connectionStrings>
4     <add name="ConnStr"
5       connectionString="data source=.;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=BulkDB"
6       providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
7   </connectionStrings>
8 </configuration>

Program.cs

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 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
 3 using System.Linq;
 4 using System.Text;
 5 using System.Data;
 6 using System.Data.SqlClient;
 7 using System.Configuration;
 8 using System.Diagnostics;
 9 
10 namespace BulkData
11 {
12     class Program
13     {            
14         static void Main(string[] args)
15         {
16             //Repository.UseSqlBulkCopyClass();
17             Repository.UseTableValue();
18             //Repository.UserNormalInsert();
19         }        
20     }
21 }