Android开发之日期时间控件选择

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前言

整合Android原生控件（日期控件DatePicker、时间控件TimePicker）实现选择日期、时间绑定。
本文仅仅是一种参考，不光是时间控件，自定义的Layout一样可以采用这种方式。
涉及技术要点：
1.控件事件绑定
2.弹出框AlertDialog
3.日期格式化SimpleDateFormat

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一、创建弹出Layout

1.1 新建Layout，修改样式为LinearLayout

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="vertical"></LinearLayout>

1.2 Layout中添加日期和时间控件

注意需要将控件的calendarViewShown指定为false及datePickerMode属性指定为spinner

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:orientation="vertical"><DatePickerandroid:id="@+id/dialog_datetime_date_picker"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:calendarViewShown="false"android:datePickerMode="spinner"/><TimePickerandroid:id="@+id/dialog_datetime_time_picker"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:calendarViewShown="false"android:datePickerMode="spinner" /></LinearLayout>

二、新建DateTimeDialog

创建DateTimeDialog类是为了将方法封装，以便我项目多次调用

public class DateTimeDialog {}

2.1 创建静态方法

2.1.1 创建SetDateDialog，用于选择日期

public static void SetDateDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title) {
}

这里我们将引用控件的context、activity作为参数传入方法中，方便我们动态加载Layout和指定AlertDialog弹出所在的Activity，避免弹出框无法显示。
textView参数为需要绑定选择的控件，并且在选择之后，会将选择的日期返回给textView
titile是可选参数，指定弹出框的标题，不指定的话，会默认为“选择日期”

2.1.2 SetDateDialog中绑定textView的click事件

给textView绑定事件后，在用户点击控件时即可执行相应的事件内容，在此我们需要的是用户点击控件时，弹出日期选择框。

textView.setOnClickListener(view -> {AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);builder.setView(view1);builder.create().show();
});

由于我们的控件中含有时间控件，需要隐藏

            View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);timePicker.setVisibility(View.GONE);

如果textView有默认值，则在弹出的时候需要将textView的日期带入弹出框中

            final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);Calendar calendar;String strDate = textView.getText().toString();calendar = convertDateToCalendar(strDate);datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);

设置弹出框的标题

            if (title != null && title.length > 0) {builder.setTitle(title[0]);} elsebuilder.setTitle("选择日期");

实现弹出框的按钮事件：
点击确定时，绑定值给textView，并关闭弹窗；点击取消时，直接关闭天窗；点击现在时，将当前时间传给textView，并关闭弹窗。

            builder.setPositiveButton("确 定", (dialog, i) -> {//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth() + 1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "%d年%d月%d日 ", year, month, dayOfMonth));dialog.cancel();});builder.setNegativeButton("取 消", (dialog, which) -> dialog.cancel());builder.setNeutralButton("现 在", (dialog, i) -> {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日",Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));dialog.cancel();});

以下是完整代码：

    public static void SetDateDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title) {textView.setOnClickListener(view -> {AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);timePicker.setIs24HourView(true);Calendar calendar;String strDate = textView.getText().toString();calendar = convertDateToCalendar(strDate);datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);timePicker.setHour(calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));timePicker.setMinute(calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));timePicker.setVisibility(View.GONE);
//            datePicker.setCalendarViewShown(false);//设置Date布局builder.setView(view1);if (title != null && title.length > 0) {builder.setTitle(title[0]);} elsebuilder.setTitle("选择日期");builder.setPositiveButton("确 定", (dialog, i) -> {//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth() + 1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "%d年%d月%d日 ", year, month, dayOfMonth));dialog.cancel();});builder.setNegativeButton("取 消", (dialog, which) -> dialog.cancel());builder.setNeutralButton("现 在", (dialog, i) -> {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日",Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));dialog.cancel();});builder.create().show();});}

同样的方式我们再实现选择日期时间的方法，具体不再赘述，上代码：

   public static void SetDateTimeDialog(Context context, Activity activity, TextView textView, String... title) {textView.setOnClickListener(view -> {AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(activity);View view1 = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.dialog_datetime, null);final DatePicker datePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_date_picker);final TimePicker timePicker = view1.findViewById(R.id.dialog_datetime_time_picker);timePicker.setIs24HourView(true);
//            datePicker.setCalendarViewShown(false);Calendar calendar;String strDate = textView.getText().toString();calendar = convertDateToCalendar(strDate);datePicker.init(calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR), calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH), calendar.get(Calendar.DATE), null);timePicker.setHour(calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));timePicker.setMinute(calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));//设置Date布局builder.setView(view1);if (title != null && title.length > 0) {builder.setTitle(title[0]);} elsebuilder.setTitle("选择时间");builder.setPositiveButton("确 定", (dialog, i) -> {//日期格式int year = datePicker.getYear();int month = datePicker.getMonth() + 1;int dayOfMonth = datePicker.getDayOfMonth();int hour = timePicker.getHour();int min = timePicker.getMinute();
//                    timePicker.getSecond();textView.setText(String.format(Locale.getDefault(), "%d年%d月%d日 %d:%d", year, month, dayOfMonth, hour, min));dialog.cancel();});builder.setNegativeButton("取 消", (dialog, which) -> dialog.cancel());builder.setNeutralButton("现 在", (dialog, i) -> {SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy年M月d日 HH:mm", Locale.getDefault());// HH:mm:ss//获取当前时间Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());textView.setText(simpleDateFormat.format(date));dialog.cancel();});builder.create().show();});}

文中提到的convertDateToCalendar是笔者用于日期转换的，您可以根据自己的需要去灵活实现

    private static Calendar convertDateToCalendar(String strDate) {int year;int month;int day;int hour;int minute;Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();//获取当前时间Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());calendar.setTime(date);
//        calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH,1);year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);day = calendar.get(Calendar.DATE);hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);if (strDate != null && !strDate.equals("")) {if (strDate.contains("：")) {strDate = strDate.split("：")[1];}strDate = strDate.replace("年", "-").replace("月", "-").replace("日", "").replace(".", "").replace(" ", "-").replace(":", "-");Log.d("liuwz", "convertDateToCalendar: "+strDate);if (strDate.split("-").length >= 3) {year = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[0]);month = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[1]);day = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[2]);if (strDate.split("-").length >= 5) {hour = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[3]);minute = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[4]);}calendar.set(year, month, day, hour, minute);calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH, -1);} else if (strDate.split("-").length >= 2) {hour = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[0]);minute = Integer.parseInt(strDate.split("-")[1]);calendar.set(year, month, day, hour, minute);}}return calendar;}

至此已经大功告成，下面看下如何引用

2.2 引用

在任意需要用到选择时间的Activity的onCreate方法中添加下面一句代码即可：

               DateTimeDialog.SetDateDialog(getApplicationContext(), MainActivity.this, timeSelectView, "请选择日期");

将其中的MainActivity修改为您当前的Activity；将timeSelectView 修改为您页面中的时间TextView或者EditView，“请选择日期”为可选参数，可忽略。

三. 总结

本文仅仅为了使用方便而对AlertDialog进行了封装，用的是Android的原生控件，写在此处仅仅给新入门的朋友们以参考。