Docker 学习笔记

article/2025/8/17 18:17:16

Docker 学习笔记

    • Docker 安装
      • CentOS 安装 Docker
      • Ubuntu 安装 Docker
    • Docker 常用命令
  • Docker 实操记录
    • Docker 安装mysql
    • Docker 部署 jupyter notebook

Docker 安装

CentOS 安装 Docker

以下是docker官网的安装教程，我只是将命令都提取出来

按下列顺序逐步输入即可

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

sudo yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

如果下载速度太慢的话可以用阿里云的镜像

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

sudo systemctl start docker

验证docker是否成功安装

sudo docker run hello-world

Ubuntu 安装 Docker

以下是docker官网的安装教程，我只是将命令都提取出来

按下列顺序逐步输入即可

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install \ca-certificates \curl \gnupg \lsb-release

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings

 curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

echo \"deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-compose-plugin

验证docker是否成功安装

sudo docker run hello-world

Docker 常用命令

整理自y总的Linux基础课 https://www.acwing.com/blog/content/10878/

  • docker pull mysql:latest：拉取一个镜像

  • docker images：列出本地所有镜像

  • docker image rm mysql:latest 或 docker rmi mysql:latest：删除镜像mysql:latest

  • docker [container] commit CONTAINER IMAGE_NAME:TAG：创建某个container的镜像

  • docker save -o gettler.tar mysql:latest：将镜像mysql:latest导出到本地文件gettler.tar中

  • docker load -i gettler.tar：将镜像mysql:latest从本地文件gettler.tar中加载出来

  • docker [container] create -it mysql:latest：利用镜像mysql:latest创建一个容器。

  • docker ps -a：查看本地的所有容器

  • docker [container] start CONTAINER：启动容器

  • docker [container] stop CONTAINER：停止容器

  • docker [container] restart CONTAINER：重启容器

  • docker [contaienr] run -itd mysql:latest：创建并启动一个容器

  • docker [container] attach CONTAINER：进入容器

  • 先按Ctrl-p，再按Ctrl-q可以挂起容器

  • docker [container] exec CONTAINER COMMAND：在容器中执行命令

  • docker [container] rm CONTAINER：删除容器

  • docker container prune：删除所有已停止的容器

  • docker export -o xxx.tar CONTAINER：将容器CONTAINER导出到本地文件xxx.tar中

  • docker import xxx.tar image_name:tag：将本地文件xxx.tar导入成镜像，并将镜像命名为image_name:tag

  • docker export/import与docker save/load的区别：

    • export/import会丢弃历史记录和元数据信息，仅保存容器当时的快照状态
    • save/load会保存完整记录，体积更大

  • docker top CONTAINER：查看某个容器内的所有进程

  • docker stats：查看所有容器的统计信息，包括CPU、内存、存储、网络等信息

  • docker cp xxx CONTAINER:xxx 或 docker cp CONTAINER:xxx xxx：在本地和容器间复制文件

  • docker rename CONTAINER1 CONTAINER2：重命名容器

  • docker update CONTAINER --memory 500MB：修改容器限制

  • docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

    • OPTIONS说明：

      • -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；
      • -i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；
      • -P: 随机端口映射，容器内部端口随机映射到主机的端口
      • -p: 指定端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
      • -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；

    • 例如：docker run -p 20000:22 -p 8000:8000 --name django_server -itd django_lesson:1.0 运行django_lesson:1.0镜像

Docker 实操记录

Docker 安装mysql

先拉取官方的最新版本的镜像：

docker pull mysql:latest

image-202205281a51700539

运行容器

docker run -itd --name mysql-test -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=73748156 mysql

Finish!

Yeah,that’s all.

Docker 部署 jupyter notebook

docker pull jupyter/base-notebook

docker run -d -p 8888:8888 --name jupyter_server jupyter/base-notebook:latest

So easy!
在这里插入图片描述
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