MATLAB--数学建模作图大全及代码说明

1、二维曲线

2、二维渐变图

3、二维散点图

4、条形图

5、填充图

6、多Y轴图

7、三维曲线图

8、三维散点图

9、三维伪彩图

10、裁剪伪彩图

11、等高线图

12、三维等高线图

13、等高线填充图

14、三维矢量场图

15、伪彩图+投影图

16、热图

17、分子模型图

18、分形图

1、二维曲线

二维曲线算是最最常见的一种曲线了，它能反应两个变量的因果关系。

clear;
clc;
close all;
x=linspace(1,200,100); %均匀生成数字1-200，共计100个
y1=log(x)+1;  %生成函数y=log(x)+1
y2=log(x)+2;  %生成函数y=log(x)+2
figure;
plot(x,y1); %作图 y=log(x)+1
hold on
plot(x,y2,'LineWidth',2); %作图 y=log(x)+2,LineWidth指线性的宽度，粗细尺寸2
hold off %关闭多图共存在一个窗口上
legend('y1','y2'); %生成图例y1和y2

2、二维渐变图

用不同的颜色、数据点大小表征不同数值，更加直观。

x=linspace(0,3*pi,200);
y=cos(x)+rand(1,200); %随机生成1*200，位于[0,1]的数字
sz=25;%尺寸为25
c=linspace(1,10,length(x));
scatter(x,y,sz,c,'filled')

3、二维散点图

常用来比较理论数据和实验数据的趋势关系。

figure;
x=linspace(1,200,100)
y1=log(x)+1;
y3=y1+rand(1,100)-0.5;
plot(x,y1,'LineWidth',2,'Color',[0.21,0.21,0.67]);
hold on;
%设置数据点的型状、数据点的填充颜色、数据点的轮廓颜色
plot(x,y3,'o','LineWidth',2,'Color',[0.46,0.63,0.90],'MarkerFaceColor',[0.35,0.90,0.89],'MarkerEdgeColor',[0.18,0.62,0.17]);
hold off;

4、条形图

A=[60.689;87.714;143.1;267.9515];
C=[127.5;160.4;231.9;400.2];
B=C-A;
D=[A,B,C];
bar1=bar([2:5:17],A,'BarWidth',0.2,'FaceColor','k');
hold on;
bar2=bar([3:5:18],B,'BarWidth',0.2,'FaceColor',[0.5 0.5 0.5]);
hold on;
bar3=bar([4:5:19],C,'BarWidth',0.2,'FaceColor','w');
ylabel('耗时/s');
xlabel('GMM阶数');
legend('训练耗时','测试耗时','总耗时');
labelID={'8阶','16阶','32阶','64阶'};
set(gca,'XTick',3:5:20);

5、填充图

x=0.4:0.1:2*pi;
y1=sin(2*x);
y2=sin(x);
%确定有y1和y2的上下边界
maxY=max([y1;y2]);
minY=min([y1;y2]);
%确定填充多边形，按照顺时针方向来确定点
%fliplr实现左右翻转
xFill=[x,fliplr(x)];
yFill=[maxY,fliplr(minY)];
figure;
fill(xFill,yFill,[0.21,0.21,0.67]);
hold on;
%描绘轮廓线
plot(x,y1,'k','LineWidth',2);
plot(x,y2,'k','LineWidth',2);
hold off;

6、多Y轴图

figure;
load('accidents.mat','hwydata');
ind=1:51;
drivers=hwydata(:,5);
yyaxis left;
scatter(ind,drivers,'LineWidth',2);
title('Highway Data');
xlabel('States');
ylabel('Licensed Drivers(thousands)');
pop=hwydata(:,7);
yyaxis right;
scatter(ind,pop,'LineWidth',2);
ylabel('Vehicle Miles Traveled(millions)');

7、三维曲线图

figure;
t=0:pi/20:10*pi;
xt=sin(t);
yt=cos(t);
plot3(xt,yt,t,'-o','Color','b','MarkerSize',10);

figure;
x=-20:10:20;
y=0:100;
%随便生成的五组数据，也就是目标图上的5条曲线数据
z=zeros(5,101);
z(1,1:10:end)=linspace(1,10,11);
z(2,1:10:end)=linspace(1,20,11);
z(3,1:10:end)=linspace(1,5,11);
z(4,5:10:end)=linspace(1,10,10);
z(5,80:2:end)=linspace(1,5,11);
for i=1:5%x方向每条曲线都是一个值，重复y的长度这么多次xx=x(i)*ones(1,101);%z方向的值，每次取一条zz=z(i,:);%plot3在xyz空间绘制曲线，保证xyz的长度一致即可plot3(xx,y,zz,'LineWidth',2);hold on
end
hold off;
legend('line1','line2','line3','line4','line5');

8、三维散点图

figure;
[X,Y,Z]=sphere(16);
x=[0.5*X(:);0.75*X(:);X(:)];
y=[0.5*Y(:);0.75*Y(:);Y(:)];
z=[0.5*Z(:);0.75*Z(:);Z(:)];
S=repmat([70,50,20],numel(X),1);
C=repmat([1,2,3],numel(X),1);
s=S(:);
c=C(:);
h=scatter3(x,y,z,s,c);
h.MarkerFaceColor=[0 0.5 0.5];

9、三维伪彩图

[x,y,z]=peaks(30);
figure;
plot1=subplot(1,2,1);
surf(x,y,z);
%获取第一幅图的colormap，默认为parula
plot2=subplot(1,2,2);
surf(x,y,z);
%下面设置的是第二幅图的颜色
colormap(hot);
%设置第一幅图颜色显示为parula

10、裁剪伪彩图

figure;
n=300;
[x,y,z]=peaks(n);
subplot(2,2 ,[1,3]);
surf(x,y,z) ;
shading interp;
view(0,90);
for i=1:nfor j=1:nif x(i,j)^2+2*y(i,j)^2>6&&2*x(i,j)^2+y(i,j)^2<6z (i,j)=NaN;endend
end
subplot(2,2,2);
surf(x,y,z);
shading interp;
view(0,90);
subplot (2,2,4);
surf(x,y,z);
shading interp

11、等高线图

figure;
[X,Y,Z]=peaks;
subplot(2,2,1);
contour(X,Y,Z,20,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(2,2,2);
contour(X,Y,Z,'--','LineWidth', 2);
subplot(2,2,3);
v=[1,1];
contour(X,Y,Z,v,'LineWidth',2);
x = -2:0.2:2 ;
y = -2 :0.2:3 ;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=X.*exp(-X.^2 -Y.^2 );
subplot(2,2,4);
contour(X,Y,Z,'ShowText','on','LineWidth',2);

12、三维等高线图

figure('Position',[0,0,900,400]);
subplot(1,3,1);
[X,Y,Z]=sphere(50);
contour3(X,Y,Z,'LineWidth',2);
[X,Y]=meshgrid(-2:0.25:2);
Z=X.*exp(-X.^2-Y.^2);
subplot(1,3,2);
contour3(X,Y,Z,[-0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2],'ShowText','on','LineWidth',2);
[X,Y,Z]=peaks;
subplot(1,3,3);
contour3(X,Y,Z,[2 2],'LineWidth',2);

13、等高线填充图

figure;
subplot(2,2,1);
[X,Y,Z]=peaks(5);
contour(X,Y,Z);
subplot(2,2,2);
contourf(X,Y,Z,'--');
%限定范围
subplot(2,2,3);
contourf(X,Y,Z,[2 3],'ShowText','on');
subplot(2,2,4);
contourf(X,Y,Z,[2 2]);

14、三维矢量场图

figure;
[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);
%矢量场，曲面法线
[U,V,W]=surfnorm(X,Y,Z);
%箭头长度、颜色
quiver3(X,Y,Z,U,V,W,0.5,'r');
hold on;
surf(X,Y,Z);
xlim([-3,3]);
ylim([-3,3.2]);
shading interp;
hold off;
view(0,90);

15、伪彩图+投影图

clear;clc;close all;
x=linspace(-3,3,30);
y=linspace(-4,4,40);
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
Z=peaks(X,Y);
Z(5:10,15:20)=0;
z1=max(Z);
z2=max(Z,[],2);
figure;
subplot(3,3,[1,2]);
plot(x,z1,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(3 ,3 ,[6,9]);
plot(z2,y,'LineWidth',2);
subplot(3,3,[4,5,7,8]);
surf(x,y,Z);
xlim([-3,3]); 
ylim([-4,4]);
view(0,90);
shading interp; %平滑图像

16、热图

clear;
clc;
z=rand(50);
z(z>=0.0&z<0.6)=0.5;
z(z>=0.6&z<0.8)=0.7;
z(z>=0.8&z<=1)=0.9;
for i=1:30z(randi(50,1,1):end,i)=nan;
endfor i=31:50z(30+randi(20,1,1):end,i)=nan;
end
z(20:25,40:45)=nan;
figure;
%ax=surf(z);
ax=pcolor(z);
view(0,90);
ax.EdgeColor=[1 1 1];

17、分子模型图

clear;
clc;
%球面的坐标信息，为了看起来平滑一点，给到100
[x,y,z]=sphere(100);
%C大小
C=10;
%H大小
H=5;
figure;
%大球
surf(C*x,C*y,C*z,'FaceColor','red','EdgeColor','none');
hold on;
%四个小球，都偏离一点位置，准确的位置需要计算，这里演示一个大概位置
surf(H*x ,H*y,H*z+10,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none') ;
surf(H*x+10,H*y,H*z-3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
surf(H*x-4,H*y-10,H*z-3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
surf(H*x-4,H*y+10,H*z-3,'FaceColor','blue','EdgeColor','none');
%坐标轴设置
axis equal off;
%光源，看起来更有立体感
light
%lighting none，关闭光照

18、分形图

clear;
%不同的参数有不同的图形
a=1.7;
b=1.7;
c=0.6;
d=1.2;
%a=1.5;b=-1.8;c=1.6;d=0.9;
x=0;y=0;
n=100000;
kx=zeros(1,n);
ky=zeros(1,n);
%迭代循环
for i=1:ntempx=sin(a*y)+c*cos(a*x);tempy=sin(b*x)+d*cos(b*y);%存入数组kx(i)=tempx;ky(i)=tempy;
%重新赋值x,y 
x=tempx;
y=tempy;
end
scatter(kx,ky,0.1,'green');