如何配置apache虚拟主机

实验目标：在apache实现基于域名的虚拟主机 

实验用的XAMPP版本为1.7.7，内含apache版本为2.2.21 

 

实验前准备：

1. 为了测试不同的域名，在Windows/System32/drivers/etc/下觅得hosts文件，在其中添加实验用的域名若干，如 -

127.0.0.1   test1.net

127.0.0.1   test2.net

如此，则在浏览器中输入该俩域名时，Windows将其解析为127.0.0.1本地地址。即，在浏览器中访问localhost, test1.net, test2.net均可访问XAMPP的欢迎页。

 

2. 在apache目录下建立目录，以放置您不同的网站。为保护XAMPP原有的htdocs中的欢迎页内容，实验另外建立了与htdocs平级的htdocs1目录，在其下建立了test1.net, test2.net两个子目录用以放置实验用的网站。如下 -

apache/htdocs1/test1.net - 放置test1.net网站内容

apache/htdocs1/test2.net - 放置test2.net网站内容

 在这两个目录中各新建hello world一网页 index.html，内容 -

 < HTML > 
 < HEAD ></ HEAD > 
 < BODY > 
 < H1 >hello~, 这是[对应的网站名，用以区别].net </ H1 ></ BODY > 
 </ HTML >   

 

实验步骤：

1. 找到apache/conf/httpd.conf, 将其中的

ServerAdmin

ServerName

DocumentRoot

注释掉。

 

2. 在httpd.conf中，找到行

Include "conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf"

如被注释则解注。该文件记载了虚拟主机的参数。[以前虚拟主机参数是直接填写在httpd.conf中的，为了更好地组织文件，将其分离出去，类似于某些编程语言一样。因此httpd.conf中include它，即相当于把它的内容填在了httpd.conf中。]

 

3. 这个httpd-vhosts.conf文件格式基本如下 - 

#blah-blah 
 NameVirtualHost *:80 
 
 #blah-blah 
 #blah-blah 
 < VirtualHost  *:80 > 
     ServerAdmin XXXXXXXX 
     DocumentRoot "XXXXXXXX" 
     ServerName XXXXXXX 
     ServerAlias XXXXXX 
     ErrorLog "logs/XXXXXX-error.log" 
     CustomLog "logs/XXXXXXX-error.log" combined    
 </ VirtualHost >  

需要修改的，就是<VirtualHost>中的参数了。这个可以参见apache官方文档。根据实验域名，可以增加两个<VirtualHost>：

 

 < VirtualHost  *:80 > 
     ServerAdmin adm@test1.net 
     DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs1/test1.net" 
     ServerName test1.net 
     ServerAlias www.test1.net 
     ErrorLog "logs/test1-error.log" 
     CustomLog "logs/test1-access.log" combined 
      
      < Directory  "C:/xampp/htdocs1/test1.net" > 
     order allow,deny 
     allow from all 
      </ Directory >     
 </ VirtualHost > 
 
 < VirtualHost  *:80 > 
     ServerAdmin adm@test2.net 
     DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs1/test2.net" 
     ServerName test2.net 
     ServerAlias www.test2.net 
     ErrorLog "logs/test1-error.log" 
     CustomLog "logs/test1-access.log" combined 
      
      < Directory  "C:/xampp/htdocs1/test2.net" > 
     order allow,deny 
     allow from all 
      </ Directory >     
 </ VirtualHost > 

注意，如果不在各VirtualHost中定义Directory的可访问性，你将遇到的是Access Forbidden!就连原来的localhost也是。

 

4. 由于之前注释掉了httpd.conf中的ServerName, DocumentRoot等，为了仍然能以localhost访问原XAMPP欢迎页，就在增加一个VirtualHost，如下 - 

 < VirtualHost  *:80 > 
     ServerAdmin adm@localhost 
     DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs" 
     ServerName localhost 
      
     ErrorLog "logs/localhost-error.log" 
     CustomLog "logs/localhost-access.log" combined 
      
      < Directory  "C:/xampp/htdocs" > 
     order allow,deny 
     allow from all 
      </ Directory >     
 </ VirtualHost > 

 为了避免出错，把它放置在第一个Virtualhost位置。

 

至此，apache基于域名的虚拟主机配置完成。可以通过http://localhost访问XAMPP欢迎页，通过http://test1.net和http://test2.net访问各自的主页。 

#
# Virtual Hosts
#


# If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your
# machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations
# use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about
# IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below.
#
# Please see the documentation at 
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/>
# for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts.
#
# You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host
# configuration.


#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
NameVirtualHost *:80


#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ServerName or ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin kongdaoxian@gmail.com
    DocumentRoot "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs"
    ServerName localhost
    ServerAlias www.skydao.com
    ErrorLog "logs/localhost-error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/localhost-access.log" combined
    
    <Directory "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs">
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    </Directory>    
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin kongdaoxian@gmail.com
    DocumentRoot "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/project1"
    ServerName project1.com
    ServerAlias www.project1.com
    ErrorLog "logs/project1-error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/project1-access.log" combined
    
    <Directory "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/project1">
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    </Directory>    
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin kongdaoxian@gmail.com
    DocumentRoot "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/zendTest/public"
    ServerName zendTest.com
    ServerAlias www.zendTest.com
    DirectoryIndex index.php
    <Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
    </Directory>    
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin kongdaoxian@gmail.com
    DocumentRoot "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/testRewrite"
    ServerName testRewrite.com
    ServerAlias www.testRewrite.com
    # DirectoryIndex index.php
    <Directory />
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
    </Directory>    
</VirtualHost>


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin kongdaoxian@gmail.com
    DocumentRoot "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/test"
    ServerName test.com
    ServerAlias www.test.com
    ErrorLog "logs/zendTest-error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/zendTest-access.log" combined
    
    <Directory "E:/skydao/apache2/htdocs/test">
    order allow,deny
    allow from all
    </Directory>    
</VirtualHost>