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引子

一.什么是编程？

二.编程的概念

1.程序

计算机语言

2.编辑和编译

3.开发环境

C++开发环境介绍：

1、Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0

2、Microsoft Visual Studio

3、Dev-C++

4、C语言开发环境 v2

5、Code::Blocks

6、JetBrains Clion

三.编程在实际生活中的应用

四.程序设计

【1.1】输出打印Hello,world

1.头文件

2.名字空间

3.主函数

引子

为什么计算机能管理庞大的系统？为什么计算机能按照人的命令去执行（十万个为什么）？面对计算机，每个人都有自己的或多或少的疑问，那么今天我们就来揭开计算机神秘的面纱！

一.什么是编程？

编程是编定程序的中文简称，就是让计算机代码解决某个问题，对某个计算体系规定一定的运算方式，使计算体系按照该计算方式运行，并最终得到相应结果的过程。

为了使计算机能够理解人的意图，人类就必须将需解决的问题的思路、方法和手段通过计算机能够理解的形式告诉计算机，使得计算机能够根据人的指令一步一步去工作，完成某种特定的任务。这种人和计算体系之间交流的过程就是编程。

编程：设计具备逻辑流动作用的一种“可控体系”【注：编程不一定是针对计算机程序而言的，针对具备逻辑计算力的体系，都可以算编程。

（来源：百度百科）

个人理解：为了使计算机能够理解我们的意图，人类就必须将需解决的问题的思路、方法和手段通过计算机能够理解的形式告诉计算机，使得计算机能够根据人的指令一步一步去工作，完成某种特定的任务。这种人和计算体系之间交流的过程就是编程

二.编程的概念

1.程序

程序（计算机程序）是一组计算机能识别和执行的指令，运行于电子计算机上，满足人们某种需求的信息化工具

计算机语言

计算机语言就是人与计算机之间“交谈”的语言。计算机语言有很多，比如说BASIC语言，C语言，C++语言，Java语言，Python语言等，每个语言都有每个语言的规则，即使是同一个语言，要是版本不同，规则可能也会有少许不同（比如Visual C++和Dev-C++）

2.编辑和编译

编辑

程序编辑是计算机用语，根据一定算法，用一种高级语言编写出源程序。

编译

编译程序（Compiler，compiling program），也称为编译器，是指把用高级程序设计语言书写的源程序，翻译成等价的机器语言格式目标程序的翻译程序。编译程序属于采用生成性实现途径实现的翻译程序。它以高级程序设计语言书写的源程序作为输入，而以汇编语言或机器语言表示的目标程序作为输出。编译出的目标程序通常还要经历运行阶段，以便在运行程序的支持下运行，加工初始数据，算出所需的计算结果。

两者之间的区别

编辑是指程序代码、界面等的输入、构建，编辑等，在这期间，开发工具会对输入的代码进行一般的语法检查等。主要是指代码的输入、编辑。

编译是指开发工具的编译程序对编辑过的代码进行转换，以便生成可以执行的代码文件。编译一般是在编辑工作完成以后进行的。

3.开发环境

C++开发环境介绍：

1、Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0

VC 6.0现在已经集成在Microsoft Visual Studio上面。

它曾经是最为经典的编译工具，但是由于年代久远，此工具微软官方早已不在维护。现在此工具有很多BUG和兼容性问题，(微软原版的)无法安装在Windows 10系统上面。

由于这个软件太经典了，一些第三方的开发者依然在维护这个工具，很多学校/教材也依然在使用这个工具。

2、Microsoft Visual Studio

Visual Studio是目前最为流行的Windows平台应用程序的商业集成开发环境。

功能强大，界面友好。但是空间占用、资源占用都比较大，操作也复杂。最新版本为2019。

3、Dev-C++

Dev-C++ 是Windows环境下的轻量级C/C++ 集成开发环境。遵循C++ 11标准，同时兼容C++98标准。

Dev-C++ 功能简洁，易于学习和使用，但同时该软件功能不完善，存在一些问题，并且从未在商业级的软件开发中使用过，只适合于初学者和教学使用。遗憾的是，我的教材使用该软件进行教学。

Dev-C++ 由Orwell公司继续更新开发(现已停止)，最新版本为5.11，使用GCC 4.9，上次更新时间为2015年4月。这是官方博客以及下载链接

Dev-C++现在被一些公司或者第三方开发者接手：

1、 Embarcadero Dev-C++，本文写时，上次更新时间为2020 年7月。

2、 banzhusoft(斑竹软件) Dev-C++(推荐)，本文写时，上次更新时间为2020年9月。

此作者对于原软件做了大量的工作，进行了大幅度的优化，非常适合中国的初学者，强烈推荐。

4、C语言开发环境 v2

开发者说：在线C语言开发环境依然处于测试阶段，语言标准和标准库支持还不完整。

经过作者测试没有发现任何问题，非常好用，推荐。

5、Code::Blocks

Code::Blocks 是开放源码的跨平台C/C++集成开发环境。

简单易用，免费，免安装，应该是最适合初学者使用的集成开发环境，强烈推荐。

已经通过gcc8.1支持C++最新标准C++20。该软件附带了最新版的MinGW。

6、JetBrains Clion

JetBrains Clion是最为流行(仅次微软)的C & C++商业级集成开发环境，功能非常强大。

免安装，即开即用，中文汉化，简单易上手。

三.编程在实际生活中的应用

编程在生活中的应用太多了，比如：游戏、风扇、空调等一些电子设备板上用的都是编程

举个例子

以下是一个狼人杀游戏的代码（原文链接）：

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include<windows.h>
using namespace std;
struct IDname
{int geshu;string NAME;
};
IDname jue_se[100];
struct ID
{int num;bool life;string name;int know;int how;
};
ID player[21];
int n, MY, kill1, kill2;
char a;
bool jieyao = 1, duyao = 1;
int lieren, shouwei = 0;
void init1()
{jue_se[1].NAME = "村民 ";jue_se[2].NAME = "狼人 ";jue_se[3].NAME = "女巫 ";jue_se[4].NAME = "预言家 ";jue_se[5].NAME = "猎人 ";jue_se[6].NAME = "守卫 ";
}
void init2(int nn)
{switch (nn){case 6:jue_se[1].geshu = 3;jue_se[2].geshu = 2;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 0;jue_se[5].geshu = 0;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 7:jue_se[1].geshu = 3;jue_se[2].geshu = 2;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 0;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 8:jue_se[1].geshu = 3;jue_se[2].geshu = 3;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 0;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 9:jue_se[1].geshu = 3;jue_se[2].geshu = 3;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 1;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 10:jue_se[1].geshu = 4;jue_se[2].geshu = 3;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 1;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 11:jue_se[1].geshu = 4;jue_se[2].geshu = 4;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 1;jue_se[6].geshu = 0;break;case 12:jue_se[1].geshu = 4;jue_se[2].geshu = 4;jue_se[3].geshu = 1;jue_se[4].geshu = 1;jue_se[5].geshu = 1;jue_se[6].geshu = 1;break;default:cout << "输入错误,再见" << endl;exit(0);break;}
}
int van[10] = { 7,4,6,43,35,1,2,8,20,19 };
void init3(int nn)
{srand(time(0));Sleep(rand() % 44);int x = 10000;int t = rand();srand(time(NULL));int y = van[(rand() % 100 * van[rand() % 10] + t) % 10];if (nn <= 6)x = abs(x * 6 / y) % 3 + 1;else if (nn <= 8)x = abs(x * 7 / y) % 4 + 1;else if (nn <= 11)x = abs(x * 8 / y) % 5 + 1;else if (nn <= 14)x = abs(x * 9 / y) % 6 + 1;do{if (nn <= 6)x = x % 3 + 1;else if (nn <= 8)x = x % 4 + 1;else if (nn <= 11)x = x % 5 + 1;else if (nn <= 14)x = x % 6 + 1;if (jue_se[x].geshu > 0){player[nn].name = jue_se[x].NAME;if (player[nn].name == "猎人 ")lieren = nn;if (player[nn].name == "守卫 ")shouwei = nn;player[nn].life = 1;player[nn].num = nn;player[nn].know = 0;jue_se[x].geshu--;player[nn].how = 0;break;}} while (jue_se[x].geshu == 0);
}
void printhhh()
{int cm = 0;int sz = 0;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 0)continue;else if (player[i].name == "村民 ")cm++;else if (player[i].name == "女巫 " || player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 " || player[i].name == "守卫 ")sz++;}if (sz == 0 || cm == 0)cout << "狼人阵营胜利" << endl;elsecout << "好人阵营胜利" << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){cout << left << setw(3) << player[i].num << ": " << player[i].name << " ";if (player[i].life == 0)cout << "死亡" << "\t";elsecout << "存活" << "\t";if (player[i].how == 0)cout << "最终存活 " << endl;else if (player[i].how == 1)cout << "最终被狼人杀死" << endl;else if (player[i].how == 2)cout << "最终被投票投死" << endl;else if (player[i].how == 3)cout << "最终被女巫毒死" << endl;else if (player[i].how == 4)cout << "最终被猎人射杀" << endl;}system("pause");system("pause");system("pause");
}
void print(int day, int ti)
{HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);cout << "\t\t\t\t第" << day << "天 ";if (ti == 0)cout << "白天" << endl;elsecout << "夜晚" << endl;cout << "我的位置:" << MY << "号" << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << player[i].num << "号位 ";}cout << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){if (player[i].life == 1){if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);cout << "存活 ";}else{if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);cout << "已死亡 ";}}if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);cout << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){if (player[i].know == 0)cout << "未知 ";else if (player[i].know == 1){if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")cout << "狼人 ";elsecout << "好人 ";}else if (player[i].know == 2)cout << player[i].name << " ";}cout << endl << endl;for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++){if (i < 10)cout << player[i].num << "号位 ";elsecout << player[i].num << "号位 ";}cout << endl;for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1){if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);cout << "存活 ";}else{if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);cout << "已死亡 ";}}if (ti == 0)SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, BACKGROUND_INTENSITY | BACKGROUND_RED | BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);cout << endl;for (int i = 7; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].know == 0)cout << "未知 ";else if (player[i].know == 1){if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")cout << "狼人 ";elsecout << "好人 ";}else if (player[i].know == 2)cout << player[i].name << " ";}cout << endl << endl;
}
int shou = 0;
void shoushui(int hhh, int hhhh)
{int x;Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "守~卫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);if (MY == shouwei && player[MY].life == 1){cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl << "输入:";cin >> x;while (x == shou || x<1 || x>n || player[x].life == 0){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入" << endl << "输入:";cin >> x;}shou = x;}else if (player[shouwei].life == 1){cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl;Sleep(rand() % 98);srand(time(0));x = rand() % n + 1;while (x == shou || player[x].life == 0){Sleep(rand() % 98);srand(time(0));x = rand() % n + 1;}shou = x;}else{cout << "请问你要守护谁?" << endl;Sleep(3000);shou = -1;}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "守~卫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;
}
struct tou
{int xxx;int num;int toupiaoquan;
};
tou TOU[13];
bool cmp(tou x, tou y)
{if (x.xxx == y.xxx)return x.num < y.num;return x.xxx > y.xxx;
}
bool cmp1(tou x, tou y)
{return x.num < y.num;
}
void toupiao(int ddd, int nnn)
{//--------1--------int x;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(ddd, nnn);cout << "现在大家请投票";for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}cout << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){TOU[i].num = i;TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;TOU[i].xxx = 0;}for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1){Sleep(3000);if (i == MY){cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;cin >> x;while (player[x].life == 0 && x != 0){cin >> x;}if (x == 0)cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{srand(time(0));if (player[i].name == "狼人 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i)){Sleep(rand() % 98);srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else if (player[i].name == "预言家 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i)){Sleep(rand() % 98);srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i)){Sleep(rand() % 98);srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}}if (x != 0)TOU[x].xxx++;}}Sleep(3000);sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx){cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;Sleep(3000);return;}else{TOU[1].toupiaoquan = 0;TOU[2].toupiaoquan = 0;system("cls");print(ddd, nnn);cout << TOU[1].num << "号," << TOU[2].num << "号";int i;for (i = 3; i <= n; i++){if (TOU[i].xxx == TOU[1].xxx){TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 0;cout << "," << TOU[i].num << "号";}elsebreak;}if (i == n + 1){for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;}cout << "平票" << endl;}//--------2--------sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp1);cout << "请再次投票";for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}cout << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1){Sleep(3000);if (i == MY){cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;cin >> x;while ((player[x].life == 0 || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1) && x != 0){cin >> x;}if (x == 0)cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{srand(time(0));if (player[i].name == "狼人 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else if (player[i].name == "预言家 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}}if (x != 0 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)TOU[x].xxx++;}}Sleep(3000);sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx){cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;Sleep(3000);return;}else{TOU[1].toupiaoquan = 0;TOU[2].toupiaoquan = 0;system("cls");print(ddd, nnn);cout << TOU[1].num << "号," << TOU[2].num << "号";int i;for (i = 3; i <= n; i++){if (TOU[i].xxx == TOU[1].xxx){TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 0;cout << "," << TOU[i].num << "号";}elsebreak;}if (i == n + 1){for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)TOU[i].toupiaoquan = 1;}cout << "平票" << endl;}//--------3--------sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp1);cout << "请再次投票";for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}cout << endl;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1){Sleep(3000);if (i == MY){cout << "请投票...(0弃权)" << endl;cin >> x;while ((player[x].life == 0 || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1) && x != 0){cin >> x;}if (x == 0)cout << MY << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << MY << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{srand(time(0));if (player[i].name == "狼人 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name == "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 "){x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || player[x].name != "狼人 " || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}else{x = rand() % (n + 1);while (x != 0 && (player[x].life == 0 || x == i || TOU[x].toupiaoquan == 1)){srand(time(0));x = rand() % (n + 1);}if (x == 0)cout << i << "号玩家弃权" << endl;elsecout << i << "号玩家投给了" << x << "号玩家" << endl;}}if (x != 0 && TOU[i].toupiaoquan == 1)TOU[x].xxx++;}}Sleep(3000);sort(TOU + 1, TOU + n + 1, cmp);if (TOU[2].xxx != TOU[1].xxx){cout << "投票结束," << TOU[1].num << "号投票出局" << endl;player[TOU[1].num].life = 0;player[TOU[1].num].how = 2;}else{cout << "投票结束,无人出局" << endl;}Sleep(5000);
}
bool game_over()
{int pingmin = 0;int langren = 0;int shenzhi = 0;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 0)continue;if (player[i].name == "狼人 ")langren++;else if (player[i].name == "村民 ")pingmin++;else if (player[i].name == "女巫 " || player[i].name == "预言家 " || player[i].name == "猎人 ")shenzhi++;}if (shenzhi == 0 || langren == 0 || pingmin == 0)return 1;return 0;
}
void night()
{system("cls");system("color 0f");print(1, 1);cout << "天~黑~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;if (n >= 12)shoushui(1, 1);Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "狼~人~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;if (player[MY].name == "狼人 "){Sleep(1000);cout << "你的同伴有:";for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (i == MY)continue;if (player[i].name == "狼人 "){cout << player[i].num << "号 ";player[i].know = 2;}}Sleep(3000);cout << endl << "请问你们要杀谁:" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill1;Sleep(1500);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "今晚你们要杀的是" << kill1 << "号玩家" << endl;}else{Sleep(4000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你们要杀谁?" << endl;do{Sleep(rand() % 18);srand(time(0));int x = rand() % n + 1;if (player[x].name != "狼人 " && player[x].life == 1){kill1 = x;break;}} while (1);Sleep(5000);}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "狼~人~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "女~巫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);if (player[MY].name == "女巫 " && player[MY].life == 1){Sleep(1000);if (jieyao == 1){cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被杀" << endl;Sleep(500);cout << "请问你要救吗???" << endl << "A. 救 B.不救" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被你解救" << endl;jieyao = 0;if (shou != kill1)kill1 = 0;}else{if (shou == kill1)kill1 = 0;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill2;while (player[kill2].life != 1){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;cin >> kill2;}duyao = 0;}}}else{if (shou == kill1)kill1 = 0;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill2;while (player[kill2].life != 1){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;cin >> kill2;}duyao = 0;}}}else{bool b = 0;cout << "请问你是否要用解药???" << endl;int FFF = 0, kkkk;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1 && player[i].name == "村民 ")FFF++;if (player[i].name == "女巫 ")kkkk = i;}if (jieyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1){if (FFF == 1){if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;kill1 = 0;b = 1;}elsefor (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].name == "女巫 " && kill1 == i){kill1 = 0;if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;b = 1;break;}else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " && kill1 == i){kill1 = 0;if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;b = 1;break;}}}Sleep(3000);if (b == 0 && duyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1){system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;srand(time(0));int x = rand() % 2;Sleep(1500);cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;if (x == 1){duyao = 0;int y = rand() % n + 1;while ((player[y].name == "女巫 " || player[y].name == "预言家 " || y == kill1) || player[y].life == 0)y = rand() % n + 1;kill2 = y;}}else{Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;Sleep(3000);}}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "女~巫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;if (n > 6){Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "预~言~家~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;if (player[MY].name == "预言家 "){Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl << "输入:";int x;cin >> x;player[x].know = 1;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "他的身份是:";if (player[x].name == "狼人 ")cout << "狼人" << endl;elsecout << "好人" << endl;Sleep(3000);}else{Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl;Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "他的身份是:......";Sleep(3000);}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(1, 1);cout << "预~言~家~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;}Sleep(3000);if (kill1 != 0)player[kill1].life = 0;if (kill2 != 0)player[kill2].life = 0;player[kill1].how = 1;player[kill2].how = 3;system("cls");system("color F0");print(2, 0);
}
void night2(int hhh, int hhhh)
{system("cls");system("color 0f");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "天~黑~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;if (n >= 12)shoushui(hhh, hhhh);Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "狼~人~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;if (player[MY].name == "狼人 " && player[MY].life == 1){Sleep(3000);cout << endl << "请问你们要杀谁:" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill1;Sleep(1500);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "今晚你们要杀的是" << kill1 << "号玩家" << endl;}else{Sleep(4000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你们要杀谁?" << endl;do{srand(time(0));int x = rand() % n + 1;if (player[x].name != "狼人 " && player[x].life == 1){kill1 = x;break;}} while (1);Sleep(5000);}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "狼~人~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "女~巫~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);if (player[MY].name == "女巫 " && player[MY].life == 1){Sleep(1000);if (jieyao == 1){cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被杀" << endl;Sleep(500);cout << "请问你要救吗???" << endl << "A. 救 B.不救" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "今晚" << kill1 << "号玩家被你解救" << endl;jieyao = 0;if (shou != kill1)kill1 = 0;}else{if (shou == kill1)kill1 = 0;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill2;while (player[kill2].life != 1){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;cin >> kill2;}duyao = 0;}}}else if (duyao == 1){if (shou == kill1)kill1 = 0;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl << "A. 毒 B.不毒" << endl << "输入:";cin >> a;if (a == 'A'){cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl << "输入:";cin >> kill2;while (player[kill2].life != 1){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入:" << endl;cin >> kill2;}duyao = 0;}}else{Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你要毒吗???" << endl;}}else{bool b = 0;cout << "请问你是否要用解药???" << endl;int FFF = 0, kkkk;for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].life == 1 && player[i].name == "村民 ")FFF++;if (player[i].name == "女巫 ")kkkk = i;}if (jieyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1){if (FFF == 1){if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;kill1 = 0;b = 1;}elsefor (int i = 1; i <= n; i++){if (player[i].name == "女巫 " && kill1 == i){kill1 = 0;if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;b = 1;break;}else if (player[i].name == "预言家 " && kill1 == i){kill1 = 0;if (shou == kill1)jieyao = 1;elsejieyao = 0;b = 1;break;}}}Sleep(3000);if (b == 0 && duyao == 1 && player[kkkk].life == 1){system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;srand(time(0));int x = rand() % 2;Sleep(1500);cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;if (x == 1){duyao = 0;int y = rand() % n + 1;while ((player[y].name == "女巫 " || player[y].name == "预言家 " || y == kill1) || player[y].life == 0)y = rand() % n + 1;kill2 = y;}}else{Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "请问你是否要用毒药???" << endl;Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你要毒谁???" << endl;Sleep(3000);}}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "女~巫~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;if (n > 6){Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "预~言~家~请~睁~眼~~~" << endl;if (player[MY].name == "预言家 " && player[MY].life == 1){Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl << "输入:";int x;cin >> x;player[x].know = 1;Sleep(2000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "他的身份是:";if (player[x].name == "狼人 ")cout << "狼人" << endl;elsecout << "好人" << endl;Sleep(3000);}else{Sleep(3000);cout << "请问你想查验谁???" << endl;Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "他的身份是:......";Sleep(3000);}Sleep(3000);system("cls");print(hhh, hhhh);cout << "预~言~家~请~闭~眼~~~" << endl;}Sleep(3000);if (kill1 != 0)player[kill1].life = 0;if (kill2 != 0)player[kill2].life = 0;player[kill1].how = 1;player[kill2].how = 3;system("cls");system("color F0");print(hhh + 1, 0);
}
bool lr = 0;
void panduanlieren()
{if (lr == 1)return;if (MY == lieren){cout << "请射杀一名玩家" << endl;int x;cin >> x;while (player[x].life != 1){cout << "输入错误,请重新输入" << endl;cin >> x;}Sleep(1000);cout << lieren << "号猎人发动技能,开枪带走了" << x << "号" << endl;player[x].life = 0;player[x].how = 4;}else if (n >= 9){srand(time(0));int x = rand() % n + 1;while (player[x].life != 1){x = rand() % n + 1;}Sleep(1000);cout << lieren << "号猎人发动技能,开枪带走了" << x << "号" << endl;player[x].life = 0;player[x].how = 4;}lr = 1;
}
void print1()
{cout << "天亮了,昨晚";if (kill1 != 0 || kill2 != 0){cout << kill1 << "号";if (kill2 != 0){cout << "," << kill2 << "号";kill2 = 0;}cout << "被杀" << endl;}elsecout << "是平安夜" << endl;
}
int main()
{system("cls");cout << " " << "狼人杀online" << endl;cout << "请输入人数个数:" << endl;scanf("%d", &n);cout << "加载时间长，请耐心等待";init1();init2(n);int k = 1;do{srand(time(0));init3(k);cout << ".";Sleep(17);k++;} while (k <= n);system("cls");system("color F0");cout << "游戏即将开始";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}Sleep(1500);cout << endl << endl << "请大家查看身份牌......" << endl;Sleep(45);srand(time(0));MY = rand() % n + 1;cout << "您的身份是:" << player[MY].name << endl;Sleep(500);cout << "在" << player[MY].num << "号位上" << endl;system("pause");system("cls");player[MY].know = 2;print(1, 0);cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night();print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(2, 0);system("cls");print(2, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night2(2, 1);print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(3, 0);system("cls");print(3, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night2(3, 1);print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(4, 0);system("cls");print(4, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night2(4, 1);print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(5, 0);system("cls");print(5, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night2(5, 1);print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(6, 0);system("cls");print(6, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}cout << "即将进入夜晚";for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++){cout << ".";Sleep(500);}night2(6, 1);print1();if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}if (player[lieren].life == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}toupiao(7, 0);system("cls");print(7, 0);if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}else if (player[lieren].life == 0 && lr == 0){panduanlieren();}if (game_over()){Sleep(1000);system("cls");cout << "游戏结束" << endl; printhhh();return 0;}while (1)system("pause");return 0;
}

大家可以打开编辑器，自己去试一试（不会用的话可以看看这个博客如何使用DEV-C++（超详细）_devc++_我爱OJ的博客-CSDN博客），真的十分有趣

好了，我们回归正题

四.程序设计

【1.1】输出打印Hello,world

程序如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{cout<<"Hello, world!";return 0;
}

在编写完这个程序以后，大家估计会有很多疑问：为什么程序要这样编写呢？代码之间要有什么规则么？

要回答以上问题，我们必须弄清C++程序的程序结构

1.头文件

看程序的第一行：

#include <iostream>

C/C++ 编译采用分离编译模式。在一个项目中，有多个源文件存在，但是它们总会有一些相同的内容，比如用户自定义类型、全局变量、全局函数的声明等。将这些内容抽取出来放到头文件中，提供给各个源文件包含，就可以避免相同内容的重复书写，提高编程效率和代码安全性。所以，设立头文件的主要目的是：提供全局变量、全局函数的声明或公用数据类型的定义，从而实现分离编译和代码复用。

概括地说，头文件有如下三个作用：

（1）加强类型检查，提高类型安全性。
使用头文件，可有效地保证自定义类型的一致性。虽然，在语法上，同一个数据类型（如一个 class）在不同的源文件中书写多次是允许的，程序员认为他们是同一个自定义类型，但是，由于数据类型不具有外部连接特性，编译器并不关心该类型的多个版本之间是否一致，这样有可能会导致逻辑错误的发生。考察如下程序。

（2）减少公用代码的重复书写，提高编程效率。
程序开发过程中，对某些数据类型或者接口进行修改是在所难免的，使用头文件，只需要修改头文件中的内容，就可以保证修改在所有源文件中生效，从而避免了繁琐易错的重复修改。

（3）提供保密和代码重用的手段。
头文件也是 C++ 代码重用机制中不可缺少的一种手段，在很多场合，源代码不便（或不准）向用户公布，只要向用户提供头文件和二进制库即可。用户只需要按照头文件的接口声明来调用库函数，而不必关心接口的具体实现，编译器会从库中连接相应的实现代码。